MAJORING AND MINORING BY FORAGING BUMBLEBEES, BOMBUS-VAGANS - EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS
MAJORING AND MINORING BY FORAGING BUMBLEBEES, BOMBUS-VAGANS - EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/1937652
复制
发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
HEINRICH, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HEINRICH, B
在它们离开蜂巢的前两次觅食旅行中（在美国缅因州），年轻的B. vagans工蜂平均会拜访4到5种不同的有回报和无回报的花朵，每种花的连续拜访次数很少。但是，在3-7次觅食旅行之后，大多数蜜蜂专门选择了凤仙花（Impatiens biflora），这是数量最多、花蜜回报最高的花。当珠宝草专家数量增多，珠宝草中的食物奖励减少时，蜜蜂重新采样奖励谱。他们再次拜访，并继续拜访，至少3-4种不同的花[Chelone glabra， Trifolium pratense， Aster novae-angliae和Solidago sp.]在一个斑块大小有限的圈地中连续觅食。开放花序中的花（紫菀、菊科植物）从一开始就得到了适当的处理，但在第一次遇到10朵花时，对对称花（宝石草、龟头花）的处理精度最初为40-50%，在60-100朵花的访问中增加到50 - 90%。试图增加食物摄入量的觅食蜜蜂面临的最重要的问题是评估资源，这些资源往往变化迅速。个体蜜蜂专注于那些被认为超过最低报酬的花朵。感知奖励和实际奖励之间的差异，在一定程度上是由受觅食经验影响的处理技能决定的。蜜蜂的最佳觅食必须从长期而不是短期能量平衡的角度来探索。
On their first 2 foraging trips out of the hive [in Maine, USA], young B. vagans workers visited, on the average, 4 or 5 different kinds of rewarding and unrewarding flowers, and few of each kind in succession. But, after 3-7 foraging trips, most of the bees specialized on jewelweed [Impatiens biflora], which was the most numerous flower available with high nectar reward. When jewelweed specialists became numerous, and the food rewards in jewelweed declined, the bees resampled the reward spectrum. They again visited, and continued to visit, at least 3-4 different kinds of flowers [Chelone glabra, Trifolium pratense, Aster novae-angliae and Solidago sp.] on successive foraging trips in an enclosure where patch size was limited. Flowers in open inflorescences (aster, goldenrod) were handled appropriately from the start, but handling accuracy at zygomorphic flowers (jewelweed, turtlehead) was initially 40-50% at the first 10 flowers encountered, and increased to > 90% in 60-100 flower visits. The most important problem faced by the foraging bees attempting to enhance food intake is that of assessing the resources, which often change rapidly. Individual bees specialize on flowers yielding rewards that are perceived to exceed some minimum. The difference between perceived and actual rewards is, in part, determined by handling skills that are affected by foraging experience. Optimal foraging in the bees must be explored from the perspective of long- rather than short-term energy balance.