Norepinephrine in the brain is associated with aversion to financial loss
Norepinephrine in the brain is associated with aversion to financial loss
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DOI：
10.1038/mp.2012.7
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
H. Takahashi;S. Fujie;Colin Camerer;R. Arakawa;H. Takano;F. Kodaka;H. Matsui;T. Ideno;S. Okubo;K. Takemura;M. Yamada;Y. Eguchi;T. Murai;Y. Okubo;M. Kato;H. Ito;T. Suhara
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Takahashi;S. Fujie;Colin Camerer;R. Arakawa;H. Takano;F. Kodaka;H. Matsui;T. Ideno;S. Okubo;K. Takemura;M. Yamada;Y. Eguchi;T. Murai;Y. Okubo;M. Kato;H. Ito;T. Suhara
了解在病理性赌博和注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)等神经精神障碍中观察到的极端或受损决策的分子机制，有助于更好地评估和开发针对这些疾病的新的药物疗法。通常，与同等规模的收益相比，大多数人对可能的损失表现出不成比例的厌恶。这项人类活体分子成像研究表明，丘脑去甲肾上腺素转运体(NET)较低的个体对经济损失表现出更夸张的厌恶。经验和现场研究表明，损失比同等收益具有更大的影响。例如，一个典型的人只会接受一场两胜制的赌博，如果可能的收益是100美元，那么50美元可能会输掉，这是100美元的两倍。这种对损失比对收益更敏感的行为被称为“损失厌恶”，在许多行为研究中都观察到了这种差异。1、2在精神病患者中，病理性赌博对金钱损失本身的敏感度降低，更具体地说，多动症患者和精神病患者对金钱的大小的敏感度降低。
Understanding the molecular mechanism of extreme or impaired decision-making observed in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as pathological gambling and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), could contribute to better assessment and the development of novel pharmacological therapies for those disorders. Typically, most people show a disproportionate distaste for possible losses compared with equal-sized gains. This human in vivo molecular imaging study has demonstrated that individuals with lower thalamic norepinephrine transporters (NET) showed more exaggerated aversion to financial loss.Empirical and field studies suggest that losses have greater impact than equivalent gains. 1 For example, a typical person would only accept a two-outcome gamble in which $50 could be lost if the possible gain is $100, twice as large. This greater sensitivity to losses than to gains is called ‘loss aversion’and substantial individual differences in it have been observed in many behavioral studies. 1, 2 In psychiatric populations, pathological gambling showed diminished sensitivity to monetary loss itself and, more specifically, patients with ADHD and psychopaths showed reduced sensitivity to the magnitude of monetary