New perspective on passively quenched single photon avalanche diodes: effect of feedback on impact ionization.
New perspective on passively quenched single photon avalanche diodes: effect of feedback on impact ionization.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1364/oe.20.001512
复制
发表时间：
2012-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
D. Ramirez;M. Hayat;G. Rees;Xudong Jiang;M. Itzler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Ramirez;M. Hayat;G. Rees;Xudong Jiang;M. Itzler
单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）是量子密码学、时间分辨光谱学和光子计数光通信中光子计数系统的主要器件。SPAD通过碰撞电离的雪崩将每个光生电子空穴对转换为可测量的电流。本文提出了一个被动猝灭SPAD的随机自调节雪崩模型。该模型预测，与实验定性一致，三个重要的现象，传统的模型是无法预测的。这些措施包括：（1）持续雪崩电流的振荡行为;（2）持续雪崩电流的随机猝灭时间的概率密度函数的指数（无记忆）衰减;以及（3）在强反馈条件下，雪崩电流的快速崩溃，防止持续雪崩电流的发展。该模型特别捕捉了负载反馈对随机雪崩倍增的影响，这种影响被认为是打破当今1.55 μm探测窗口中计数率障碍的关键。
Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are primary devices in photon counting systems used in quantum cryptography, time resolved spectroscopy and photon counting optical communication. SPADs convert each photo-generated electron hole pair to a measurable current via an avalanche of impact ionizations. In this paper, a stochastically self-regulating avalanche model for passively quenched SPADs is presented. The model predicts, in qualitative agreement with experiments, three important phenomena that traditional models are unable to predict. These are: (1) an oscillatory behavior of the persistent avalanche current; (2) an exponential (memoryless) decay of the probability density function of the stochastic quenching time of the persistent avalanche current; and (3) a fast collapse of the avalanche current, under strong feedback conditions, preventing the development of a persistent avalanche current. The model specifically captures the effect of the load's feedback on the stochastic avalanche multiplication, an effect believed to be key in breaking today's counting rate barrier in the 1.55-μm detection window.