An ALMA Survey of CO Isotopologue Emission from Protoplanetary Disks in Chamaeleon I

An ALMA Survey of CO Isotopologue Emission from Protoplanetary Disks in Chamaeleon I
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ALMA 对 Chamaeleon I 原行星盘 CO 同位素发射的调查

DOI:
10.3847/1538-4357/aa78fc
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发表时间:
2017-06
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Mulders Gijs D.
Mulders Gijs D.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Long Feng;Herczeg Gregory J.;Pascucci Ilaria;Drabek-Maunder Emily;Mohanty Subhanjoy;Testi Leonardo;Apai Daniel;Hendler Nathan;Henning Thomas;Manara Carlo F.;Mulders Gijs D.

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原行星盘的质量限制了任何行星的形成和未来的成长。原行星盘的质量通常是通过假设星际气体与尘埃的比例,从对尘埃连续体发射的测量中计算出来的。为了研究CO作为盘质量替代探测器的效用,我们使用ALMA测量了来自附近变色龙I恒星形成区的恒星和褐矮星周围的93个原行星盘样本的13CO和C18O J = 3-2线发射。我们检测到来自17个源的13CO排放和来自一个源的C18O排放。然后,通过将CO线光度与包括CO冻结和同位素选择光解作用在内的已发表的磁盘模型的结果进行比较,估计磁盘的气体质量。在典型星际介质CO-to-H2比为10−4的假设下,得到的气体质量低得令人难以置信,从堆叠13CO谱线的平均通量推断,平均气体质量为~ 0.05 MJup。Cha I盘的低气体质量和气体尘埃比都与狼座恒星形成区的盘的类似结果一致。微弱的CO线发射或许可以解释为,如果磁盘有更高的气体质量,但是在磁盘模型中,CO或复杂的含c分子的冻结被低估了。CO通量到CO气体质量的转化也受到圆盘结构的不确定性的影响,这可能会影响气体温度。只有当C和CO耗尽模型被证实是准确的时候,CO发射谱线才会是盘质量的良好示踪剂。
The mass of a protoplanetary disk limits the formation and future growth of any planet. Masses of protoplanetary disks are usually calculated from measurements of the dust continuum emission by assuming an interstellar gas-to-dust ratio. To investigate the utility of CO as an alternate probe of disk mass, we use ALMA to survey 13CO and C18O J = 3–2 line emission from a sample of 93 protoplanetary disks around stars and brown dwarfs with masses from in the nearby Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We detect 13CO emission from 17 sources and C18O from only one source. Gas masses for disks are then estimated by comparing the CO line luminosities to results from published disk models that include CO freeze-out and isotope-selective photodissociation. Under the assumption of a typical interstellar medium CO-to-H2 ratio of 10−4, the resulting gas masses are implausibly low, with an average gas mass of ∼0.05 MJup as inferred from the average flux of stacked 13CO lines. The low gas masses and gas-to-dust ratios for Cha I disks are both consistent with similar results from disks in the Lupus star-forming region. The faint CO line emission may instead be explained if disks have much higher gas masses, but freeze-out of CO or complex C-bearing molecules is underestimated in disk models. The conversion of CO flux to CO gas mass also suffers from uncertainties in disk structures, which could affect gas temperatures. CO emission lines will only be a good tracer of the disk mass when models for C and CO depletion are confirmed to be accurate.
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