Comparison of feeding behavior between two different‐sized groups of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui)
Comparison of feeding behavior between two different‐sized groups of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui)
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.22429
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yosuke Kurihara;G. Hanya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yosuke Kurihara;G. Hanya
群体生活的动物面临着群体内的争夺和群体间的竞争。许多研究表明，较大的群体承担了群体内争夺竞争的成本，这对雌性的繁殖成功产生了负面影响。与大多数灵长类物种不同，屋久岛沿海森林中的日本猕猴显示出随着群体规模的增加而增加的繁殖成功率。然而，目前还不清楚群体大小如何影响猕猴的行为。本研究探讨了群体大小对屋久岛海岸森林中日本猕猴摄食行为的影响。我们在2012年10月至2013年8月期间通过焦点动物采样研究了来自两个不同大小组的9-13只成年雌性动物。我们比较了两组之间的摄食行为，包括贴片的使用。较大的群体有更大的家域，花更多的时间进食，特别是成熟的叶子。这表明，在较大的群体中，群体内的摄食竞争应该比较小的群体更激烈。成熟叶片的喂养可能使较大的群体能够增加共同喂养个体的数量。与较大的组旅行更长的距离和花费更多的时间移动的预测相反，较小的组旅行更长的距离，花更多的时间移动，尽管访问的补丁的数量在两组之间没有差异。考虑到群体规模与群体间的优势有关，并且在屋久岛沿海森林中经常发生群体间的攻击性遭遇，因此群体间遭遇的损失的直接后果可能会累积为日常旅行费用。这表明，较小的群体由于群体间的竞争而增加了旅行成本，从而导致生殖成功率下降。Am. J. Primatol. 77：986-1000，2015.© 2015威利期刊公司.
Group‐living animals face intragroup scramble and intergroup contest competitions. Many studies have shown that larger groups bear the costs of intragroup scramble competition, which negatively affects the reproductive success of females. Unlike most primate species, Japanese macaques in the Yakushima coastal forest show increased reproductive success with group size. However, it remains unclear how group size affects the behavior of macaques. The present study examined the effects of group size on the feeding behavior of Japanese macaques in the Yakushima coastal forest. We investigated 9–13 adult females from two different‐sized groups via focal animal sampling during October 2012–August 2013. We compared the feeding behavior, including patch use, between the two groups. The larger group had a larger home range and spent more time feeding, especially on mature leaves. This suggests that intragroup feeding competition should be more intense in the larger group than in the smaller group. The feeding of mature leaves might enable the larger group to increase the number of co‐feeding individuals. Contrary to the predictions that the larger group travels longer distances and spends more time moving, the smaller group traveled longer distances, and spent more time moving, although the number of visited patches did not differ between the two groups. The immediate consequences of the loss of inter‐group encounters could accumulate as daily travel costs, considering that group size is associated with inter‐group dominance and that intergroup aggressive encounters occur frequently in the Yakushima coastal forest. This suggests that the smaller group has increased travel costs as a result of intergroup contest competition, which leads to decline in reproductive success. Am. J. Primatol. 77:986–1000, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.