Embryonic development of Galloisiana yuasai Asahina, with special reference to external morphology (Insecta: Grylloblattodea)
Embryonic development of Galloisiana yuasai Asahina, with special reference to external morphology (Insecta: Grylloblattodea)
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.10373
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发表时间：
2005-11
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Toshiki Uchifune;R. Machida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Toshiki Uchifune;R. Machida
蝼蛄科是最原始的多新翅目之一，其胚胎发生是用 Galloisiana yuasai 描述的，特别是外部形态。卵膜的特征是由许多垂直气孔交叉的内壳膜和相当薄的卵黄膜，这是曼托虫总科所共有的特征。内层地层为断层型。羊膜浆膜皱襞中的浆膜成分分化为水门细胞，与专门的羊膜结构（即羊膜链和增厚的羊膜）一起发挥吸水作用。胚带属于短胚型。胚带沿着蛋表面完全伸长后，深深地浸入蛋黄中，在这方面，胚泡发育与Mantophasmatodea非常相似。胚胎学特征，即卵膜和胚泡发育的特征，可能表明蝼蛄总科和曼托鞭总科的亲缘关系较近。从序列同源性角度对附器、外胚层内陷、胸骨和胸膜巩膜进行讨论，为阐明昆虫的身体结构提供新的基础。附肢分为近端尾足和远端尾足，前者又分为基节下和基节。在下颌骨和腹部附属器中识别出髋部下和髋部元件。基节下被胸段的胸膜缝分为上节和胸节。同样，在腹部节段中，基节下被分为两部分，尽管上节和胸节的同源物没有硬化，并且在唇节中，节下节衍生物或后膜被分为节下和节膜。两个基节尾端从颌附属器的内侧突出。下颌磨牙和切牙、上颌唇齿和帽状腱膜、唇舌和副舌在序列上是同源的。在胸段中，原始胚胎胸骨或“原胸骨”大部分被髋下元件所取代，并且仅保留为小的前胸骨和后棘胸骨。腹板的主要部分由胸板的衍生物代表，例如广泛的基底板、katepisternum 和转子以及上板的内侧部分。侧翼源自上层元件或前层和前层，其在中胸和后胸中具有气孔，以及上层的侧部元件。前胸中前胸骨的同源物是颈骨片，但没有发育出气孔。正中腹侧内陷作为脊柱出现在胸段，并且脊柱的同源物在第一腹段发育成可翻转的囊。 J.莫菲尔。 © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The embryogenesis of Grylloblattodea, one of the most primitive of the polyneopteran orders, is described using Galloisiana yuasai with special reference to external morphology. The egg membranes are characterized by an endochorion crossed by numerous vertical aeropyles and a fairly thin vitelline membrane, features shared by Mantophasmatodea. The inner layer formation is of the fault type. Serosal elements in the amnioserosal fold differentiate into hydropylar cells, to function in water absorption together with specialized amniotic structures, i.e., an amniotic strand and a thickened amnion. The germ band is of the short germ type. The germ band immerses deep into the yolk after its full elongation along the egg surface, and in this respect blastokinesis closely resembles that of Mantophasmatodea. The embryological features, i.e., those on egg membranes and blastokinesis, may suggest a closer affinity of Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Appendages, ectodermal invaginations, and sternal and pleural sclerites are discussed in the light of serial homology, to provide a new basis for elucidating the insect body plan. Appendages are divided into the proximal coxopodite and distal telopodite, the former being divided further into the subcoxa and coxa. Subcoxal and coxal elements are identified in the mandible as well as in the abdominal appendages. The subcoxa is divided into the epimeron and episternum by the pleural suture in thoracic segments. Likewise, in the abdominal segments the subcoxa is divided into two, although the homologs of the epimeron and episternum are not sclerotized, and in the labial segment the subcoxal derivative or the postmentum is divided into the submentum and mentum. Two coxal endites bulge out from the medial side of the gnathal appendages. The mandibular molar and incisor, maxillary lacinia and galea, and labial glossa and paraglossa are serially homologous with each other. In the thoracic segments the original embryonic sternum or “protosternum” is largely replaced by subcoxal elements, and merely remains as a small anterior presternum and a posterior spinasternum. A major part of the venter is represented by the derivatives of the episternum such as an extensive basisternum, katepisternum, and trochantin and the medial element of the epimeron. The pleuron is derived from the episternal elements or the anepisternum and preepisternum, which bears a spiracle in the mesothorax and metathorax, and the lateral element of the epimeron. The homolog of the preepisternum in the prothorax is the cervical sclerite, but with no spiracle developed. A median ventral invagination arises in the thoracic segments as a spina, and the homolog of the spina develops into the eversible sac in the first abdominal segment. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.