Rethinking biodiversity: from goods and services to "living with"
Rethinking biodiversity: from goods and services to "living with"
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重新思考生物多样性：从商品和服务到“共存”
DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00307.x
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Turnhout E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turnhout E
自 1992 年《生物多样性公约》通过以来，计数和制图已成为围绕生物多样性保护的国际辩论的主流。随着生态系统服务概念的出现，这些计数和绘图工作越来越多地融入了经济逻辑，即为了拯救生物多样性，其商品和服务必须赋予货币价值。本文提供了对生态系统服务论述的关键参与，以及它将自然多样性转化为单一衡量标准（“货币”）以纳入交换系统的方式。我们认为，这种生物多样性的概念过于狭隘，并且可能有害，因为它将生物多样性减少为一系列可量化的碎片部分，这些部分易于计数、制图和功利性使用，并且因为它减少了与市场交易的社会自然关系。随后，我们概述了超越计数、绘图和商品化关系的生物多样性的构想和生活的可能性。生物多样性知识组织，例如最近批准的生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台（IPBES），必须考虑到这些因素。保护生命多样性需要承认价值观、知识和生物多样性框架的多样性，并促进社会与自然关系的多样性。
Since the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, counting and mapping have come to dominate international debates around biodiversity protection. With the emergence of the Ecosystem Services concept, these counting and mapping efforts are increasingly imbued with an economic logic that argues that to save biodiversity, its goods and services must be given monetary value. This article offers a critical engagement with the Ecosystem Services discourse and the way it translates the diversity of nature into a single measure—a “currency”—to be included in systems of exchange. We argue that this conception of biodiversity is too narrow and potentially detrimental because it reduces biodiversity to a series of quantifiable fragmented parts that become liable to counting, mapping, and utilitarian use, and because it reduces social–natural relations to market transactions. Subsequently, we outline possibilities for conceiving and living with biodiversity that go beyond relations of counting, mapping, and commodification. It is important that biodiversity knowledge organizations, such as the recently sanctioned Intergovernmental science‐policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), take these into account. Conserving a diversity of life requires acknowledging a diversity of values, knowledge and framings of biodiversity, and fostering a diversity of social–natural relations.