Micronutrient deficiencies in developing and affluent countries
Micronutrient deficiencies in developing and affluent countries
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601820
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Rodríguez, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Díaz, JR;de las Cagigas, A;Rodríguez, R
微量营养素缺乏，也称为“隐性饥饿”，是决定和加剧健康状况和生活质量的因素。造成严重后果的三个营养问题是铁、维生素A和碘的缺乏。据估计，当今世界缺铁性贫血影响着二十亿人，其中大多数是妇女和儿童。 280 万 5 岁以下儿童因维生素 A 缺乏而失明。碘缺乏病影响着 7.4 亿人。古巴正在采取各种计划来应对这些微量营养素缺乏症。古巴针对这些缺陷采取的应对措施包括膳食多样化、食品强化和补充药物制剂。都市农业是增加饮食多样性的策略之一。目的是增加蔬菜和水果的供应和消费。如今，古巴的食品强化有多种形式，并开展了各种补充计划。该国最常见的补充计划是产前计划。该计划提供四种必需营养素：铁、抗坏血酸、维生素 A 和叶酸。目前，碘化物占人类消费食盐总量的90%以上。古巴进行的研究结果表明，7 岁以下儿童不存在维生素 A 缺乏症。这些项目的食品和准备工作都是免费或以非常低的价格提供的。
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as 'hidden hunger', are determining and aggravating factors for health status and quality of life. Three nutritional problems that have serious consequences are deficiencies of iron, vitamin A and iodine. It is estimated that in today's world, iron deficiency anemia affects two billion people, mostly women and children. Blindness due to vitamin A deficiency affects 2.8 million children under 5 years of age. Iodine deficiency disorders affect 740 million people. Cuba is employing various programs to deal with these micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary diversification, fortification of foods and supplementation with pharmaceutical preparations are included in Cuba's response to these deficiencies. Urban agriculture is one strategy to increase dietary diversity. The aim is to increase both the availability and consumption of vegetables and fruits. Food fortification takes many forms in Cuba today and various supplementation programs are carried out. The most common supplemental program in the country is the prenatal program. This program provides four essential nutrients: iron, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and folic acid. At present, iodination covers more than 90% of the total amount of salt used for human consumption. Results of research carried out in Cuba have shown that vitamin A deficiency is nonexistent in children up to 7 y of age. Foods and preparations for these programs are delivered gratuitously or at very low prices.