Can we measure catalyst efficiency in asymmetric chemical reactions? A theoretical approach.

Can we measure catalyst efficiency in asymmetric chemical reactions? A theoretical approach.
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DOI:
10.3762/bjoc.5.67
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发表时间:
2009-11-19
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Richards CJ
Richards CJ
中科院分区:
化学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
El-Fayyoumy S;Todd MH;Richards CJ

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小分子不对称催化剂常被描述为“好”或“坏”,但到目前为止还没有办法定量地比较催化剂的效率。我们定义了一个简单的公式,非对称催化剂效率(ACE),它允许进行这样的比较。我们认为,如果使用较少的原子来生成所需的对映体过剩的产品,催化剂的效率会更高。我们通过分析在学术实验室进行的几个著名的不对称催化化学反应来说明这一概念,并将小分子催化剂与酶进行比较。我们认为,ACE是比较不同催化体系的一个有用的描述符。同样值得注意的是,尽管对小分子催化剂的研究周期相对较短,但在这种催化效率方面,它们与酶具有竞争力。
Small molecule asymmetric catalysts are often described as being “good” or “bad” but to date there has been no way of comparing catalyst efficiency quantitatively. We define a simple formula, Asymmetric Catalyst Efficiency (ACE), that allows for such a comparison. We propose that a catalyst is more efficient if fewer atoms are utilised to give a product in a required enantiomeric excess. We illustrate this concept by analysing several well-known asymmetric catalytic chemical reactions carried out in academic laboratories, and compare small molecule catalysts with enzymes. We conclude that ACE is a useful descriptor for the comparison of diverse catalytic systems. It is also noteworthy that, despite the relatively short period of investigation into small molecule catalysts, they are competitive with enzymes with regards to this measure of catalytic efficiency.
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