Portuguese bee pollen: palynological study, nutritional and microbiological evaluation
Portuguese bee pollen: palynological study, nutritional and microbiological evaluation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02859.x
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Feas, Xesus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estevinho, Leticia M.;Rodrigues, Sandra;Feas, Xesus
蜂花粉是最丰富和最纯净的天然食品之一，用于民间医学，临床实践以及食品和制药行业。这项工作的目的是，在葡萄牙首次，这种蜂箱产品的孢粉学起源，营养价值和微生物安全性。它确定了10个植物科，更常见的是紫草科和杜鹃花科。我们已经评估了水分含量，aw，pH值，还原糖，灰分，碳水化合物，蛋白质，脂质，脂肪酸和能量。所研究的微生物为需氧嗜温菌、霉菌和酵母菌、粪大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和亚硫酸盐还原梭菌。研究的花粉营养均衡，含有高水平的水分，蛋白质，脂肪，能量，灰分，碳水化合物，还原糖，必需n-3脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）/饱和脂肪酸的良好比例。事实上，PUFA占总脂肪酸的66%。样品具有良好的微生物质量，因为所有样品均不含致突变物种。
Bee pollen is one of the richest and purest natural foods, used in the folk medicine, clinical practices, and food and pharmaceutical industries. This work aims to characterise, for the first time in Portugal, the palynological origin, nutritional value and microbiological safety of this beehive product. It identified ten botanical families, and the more frequent were Boraginaceae and Ericaceae. We have evaluated the water content, aw, pH, reducing sugars, ash, carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, fatty acids and energy. The microorganisms studied were the aerobic mesophiles, moulds and yeasts, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and sulphite-reducing clostridia. The studied pollens are nutritionally well balanced, and contain high levels of moisture, proteins, fat, energy, ash, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, essential n-3 fatty acids and good ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids. In fact, the PUFA represent 66% of the total fatty acids. The samples had good microbiological quality, as none of the samples had toxigenic species.