Understanding the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions.
Understanding the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions.
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DOI：
10.1080/02508068508686328
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Glantz, M. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilhite, D. A.;Glantz, M. H.
对干旱的许多定义进行了审查，并在系统背景下讨论和观察了干旱对社会的深远影响。一个全面的干旱相关的影响，在经济，环境和社会部门响应连续几年的干旱在美国提出。其中许多影响与其他国家的干旱情况有关。在本案例中，所引用的每个影响都与以下五个群体中的一个或多个相关：市政当局、州政府、商业和工业、农业企业、家庭和个人公民。这份清单表明，干旱往往具有复杂而持久的影响。结论是，至少在美国，干旱的潜在影响主要集中在经济部门，农业是所确定的五个群体中受影响最严重的。由于其多样性，很难量化这些影响及其对经济的连锁反应。更明确和客观的定义，包括干旱的自然方面和社会经济方面，可以帮助对影响进行量化，并可以更精确地比较地理区域内和区域之间干旱的影响。干旱的定义应反映区域偏见，因为供水在很大程度上是气候制度的一个功能。主要影响同样是区域性的，尽管干旱的二次和第三次影响可能对国家产生影响，有时还会对全球产生影响。
Numerous definitions of drought are reviewed, and the far-reaching impacts of drought on society are discussed and viewed in a systems context. A comprehensive listing of drought-related impacts in the economic, environmental, and social sectors in response to several consecutive years of drought in the USA is presented. Many of these impacts are relevant to drought situations in other countries. In the case presented, each impact cited is linked to one or more of the following five groups: municipalities, state governments, businesses and industries, agricultural enterprises, and households and individual citizens. This list suggests that droughts often have complex and longlasting impacts. It is concluded that the potential impacts of drought in the United States, at least, were concentrated largely in the economic sector, with agriculture the most ofoten affected of the five groups identified. Quantification of these impacts and their ripple effect on the economy was difficult because of their diversity. More explicit and objective definitions, incorporating both physical and socio-economic aspects of drought, could assist in the quantification of impacts and allow more precise comparisons of the effects of drought within and between geographical regions to be made. Definitions of drought should reflect a regional bias since water supply is largely a function of climatic regime. Primary impacts will likewise be regional in character, though secondary and tertiary effects of a drought can have national and, at times, global implications.