Building forests for the future
Building forests for the future
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DOI：
10.1002/fes3.518
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发表时间：
2024-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Foyer，Christine H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mackenzie，A. Robert;Ullah，Sami;Foyer，Christine H.
许多国家的政府已经制定了雄心勃勃的植树目标，并将增加林地覆盖率作为到2050年实现净零碳排放的行动的关键部分。然而，在如何以及在何处扩大树木覆盖面、种植什么物种以及如何最好地管理新的种植园等方面仍存在许多不确定性。许多当代林业都是基于同龄的单一栽培，主要是因为木材生产的优势。然而，为了在减缓气候变化方面发挥关键作用，未来的森林必须实现木材生产（和更广泛的生态系统服务提供），同时应对生物和非生物挑战。因此，必须就未来森林的结构、组成和规划作出适当的知情决定，以便提供可持续的解决办法，为社会带来环境、经济和健康惠益。遗传多样性、混合和不规则的森林具有较高的生物多样性和生态位互补性，是调节水循环、储存碳和提供其他商品和服务的有希望的新森林配置。在下面的讨论中，我们使用了英国的信息来说明混合林地与单一种植的好处，并强调了与政府当前和未来森林倡议和政策有关的当前问题。然而，全球都遇到了类似的问题。
Many governments have set ambitious targets for tree planting and increased woodland cover as a key part of actions to reach net‐zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, many uncertainties remain concerning how and where to expand tree cover, what species to plant, and how best to manage new plantations. Much contemporary forestry has been based on even‐aged monocultures, largely because of perceived advantages for timber production. However, in order to play a key role in climate change mitigation future forests will have to achieve timber production (and wider ecosystem service provision) alongside resilience to biotic and abiotic challenge. It is therefore crucial that appropriate informed decisions are made with regard to the structure, composition, and planning of future forests, in order to provide sustainable solutions that provide environmental, economic, and health benefits to society. Genetically diverse, mixed, and irregular forests, with their higher biodiversity and niche complementarity, are promising new forest configurations for regulating the water cycle, storing carbon, and delivering other goods and services. In the following discussion, we have used UK information to illustrate the benefits of mixed woodland versus monocultures and highlighted current issues related to government initiatives and policies for current and future forests. However, similar issues and problems are encountered globally.