CROSS-LANGUAGE SYNONYMS IN THE LEXICONS OF BILINGUAL INFANTS - ONE LANGUAGE OR 2
CROSS-LANGUAGE SYNONYMS IN THE LEXICONS OF BILINGUAL INFANTS - ONE LANGUAGE OR 2
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DOI：
10.1017/s030500090000982x
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
OLLER, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PEARSON, BZ;FERNANDEZ, S;OLLER, DK
这项研究检验了被广泛引用的 Volterra 和 Taeschner (1978) 的观点，该观点得到了 Clark 的对比原理 (1987) 的强化，即年轻的同时双语儿童在他们最早的词典中拒绝跨语言同义词。 Volterra & Taeschner 认为拒绝翻译对等物是对双语儿童拥有包含两种语言元素的单一语言系统这一观点的支持。我们首先检查经验主张的准确性，然后检查其是否足以支持双语儿童在每种语言中没有独立的词汇系统这一论点。使用麦克阿瑟 CDI（一种英语和西班牙语的标准化家长报告表），以 0;8 岁至 2;6 岁之间的不同间隔记录了 27 名正在发育的双语儿童的词汇量。对每个双语儿童的两个单语言词汇进行比较，以确定每个儿童在不同发展阶段报告了多少对翻译等效项（TE）。除一名儿童外，所有儿童均观察到了 TE，平均有 30% 的单词用两种语言编码，无论是在早期阶段（词汇量为 2-12 个单词）还是后期阶段（词汇量最多为 500 个单词）。因此，Volterra & Taeschner 的实证主张没有得到支持。此外，在 34 个随机配对的儿童间比较中观察到，双语者的两个词典中的 TE 数量与两个不同儿童的单语词典中同时出现的词汇项目数量相似。因此，有待证明的是，双语者的词汇在很小的时候并不是由两个独立的系统组成的。此外，结果似乎排除了早期双语制中跨语言强烈对比原则的运作。
This study tests the widely-cited claim from Volterra & Taeschner (1978), which is reinforced by Clark's PRINCIPLE OF CONTRAST (1987), that young simultaneous bilingual children reject cross-language synonyms in their earliest lexicons. The rejection of translation equivalents is taken by Volterra & Taeschner as support for the idea that the bilingual child possesses a single-language system which includes elements from both languages. We examine first the accuracy of the empirical claim and then its adequacy as support for the argument that bilingual children do not have independent lexical systems in each language. The vocabularies of 27 developing bilinguals were recorded at varying intervals between ages 0;8 and 2;6, using the MacArthur CDI, a standardized parent report form in English and Spanish. The two single-language vocabularies of each bilingual child were compared to determine how many pairs of translation equivalents (TEs) were reported for each child at different stages of development. TEs were observed for all children but one, with an average of 30% of all words coded in the two languages, both at early stages (in vocabularies of 2-12 words) and later (up to 500 words). Thus, Volterra & Taeschner's empirical claim was not upheld. Further, the number of TEs in the bilinguals' two lexicons was shown to be similar to the number of lexical items which co-occurred in the monolingual lexicons of two different children, as observed in 34 random pairings for between-child comparisons. It remains to be shown, therefore, that the bilinguals' lexicons are not composed of two independent systems at a very early age. Furthermore, the results appear to rule out the operation of a strong principle of contrast across languages in early bilingualism.