Eco-environmental impacts of dams in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Eco-environmental impacts of dams in the Yangtze River Basin, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145743
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发表时间：
2021-02-18
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Daily, Gretchen C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Boyan;Chen, Nengcheng;Daily, Gretchen C.
本文提出了一种测量大坝生态环境影响及其长期变化的时空方法。我们还开发了一个新的指标，大坝生态环境影响指数（DEEI），它可以快速识别36年来大坝对生态环境的影响。基于修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）、广义增强回归模型（GBM）、广义线性模型（GLM）、逐步多元回归、趋势分析、土壤侵蚀产沙平衡方程和样本熵，在年时间尺度上识别大坝的生态环境影响。研究发现，已建水坝累积的负面环境效应显著增加，对长江流域下游（江汉-庐水-鄂东北、洞庭湖区、宜昌-建利、清江）和库区（万县-庙河、庙河-黄陵庙、黄陵庙-宜昌）造成了大规模的水物理和人类健康风险。我们还提供了观测证据，表明大坝建设降低了短期（1-12个月）径流和泥沙负荷的复杂性。这种空间格局似乎反映了大坝对径流和泥沙时空格局的过滤作用。三峡大坝对长江干流流沙负荷的复杂性具有重要影响。这种增强的影响归因于大坝及其相关的大型水库的高捕获效率。这种评估可能低估了大坝的累积效应，因为它没有考虑计划中的大坝的未来影响。我们的研究提供了一种定量的方法来发现大坝生态环境影响的相对变化率，这是解决大坝诱发影响的程度、过程和程度的第一步。(C) 2021 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Nearly half large dams of China have been built in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and the eco-environmental impacts of existing dams remain elusive. Here we present a spatio-temporal approach to measuring the ecoenvironmental impacts of dams and its long-term changes. We also develop a new metric, the dam ecoenvironmental effect index (DEEI), that quickly identifies the eco-environmental impacts on dams over 36 years. Underlying the analysis are the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), the generalized boosted regression modeling (GBM), the generalized linear model (GLM), stepwise multiple regression, trend analysis, soil erosion and sediment yield balance equation, and sample entropy used to identify the eco-environmental impacts of dams on yearly timescales. We find that the accumulated negative environmental effects of constructed dams have increased significantly and has led to large-scale hydrophysical and human health risk affecting the Yangtze River Basins downstream (i.e. Jianghan-Lushui-Northeastern Hubei, Dongting Lake District, Yichang-Jianli, and Qingjiang) and reservoir areas (i.e. Wanxian-Miaohe, Miaohe-Huanglingmiao, and Huanglingmiao-Yichang). We also provide observational evidence that dam construction has reduced the complexity of short-term (1-12 months) in runoff and sediment loads. This spatial pattern seems to reflect a filtering effect of the dams on the temporal and spatial patterns of runoff and sediment. Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has a significant impact on the complexity of the runoff and sediment loads in the mainstream of the Yangtze River. This enhanced impact is attributed to the high trapping efficiency of the dam and its associated large reservoir. This assessment may underestimate the cumulative effect of the dam because it does not consider the future effects of the planned dam. Our study provides a quantitative methodology for finding the relative change rate of eco-environmental impact on dams, which is the first step towards addressing the extent, process, and magnitude of the dam-induced effects. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.