Niche partitioning increases resource exploitation by diverse communities
Niche partitioning increases resource exploitation by diverse communities
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1160854
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发表时间：
2008-09-12
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Snyder, William E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finke, Deborah L.;Snyder, William E.
经典生态学理论认为，消费物种的共存是由资源利用差异所促进的，导致物种越多的群落资源利用越多。然而，这一想法缺乏明确的经验支持，因为物种的资源利用通常与其他物种特有的属性混淆。我们通过在一组动物消费者中选择食物选择的行为可塑性来克服这一障碍，使我们能够操纵资源使用模式，同时控制物种身份和多样性的影响。在蚜虫-寄生-萝卜社区，我们创建了一个完全析因操纵消费者资源使用的广度（专家与通才）和物种多样性（一个与三个物种），并发现资源开发改善更大的专家，但不是通才，多样性。因此，资源分割，而不是多样性本身，在我们的多物种消费者社区中促进了更大的整体资源消耗。
Classical ecological theory suggests that the coexistence of consumer species is fostered by resource- use differences, leading to greater resource use in communities with more species. However, explicit empirical support for this idea is lacking, because resource use by species is generally confounded with other species- specific attributes. We overcame this obstacle by co- opting behavioral plasticity in food choice among a group of animal consumers, allowing us to manipulate patterns of resource use while controlling for the effects of species identity and diversity. Within an aphid- parasitoid- radish community, we created a fully factorial manipulation of consumer resource- use breadth ( specialist versus generalist) and species diversity ( one versus three species) and found that resource exploitation improved with greater specialist, but not generalist, diversity. Therefore, resource partitioning, and not diversity per se, fostered greater overall resource consumption in our multispecies consumer communities.