The Gcn5 complexes in Drosophila as a model for metazoa
The Gcn5 complexes in Drosophila as a model for metazoa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194610
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发表时间：
2021-01-29
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Weake, Vikki M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Torres-Zelada, Eliana F.;Weake, Vikki M.
组蛋白乙酰转移酶Gcn 5在整个真核生物中是保守的，它作为刺激基因表达的大型多亚基转录辅激活因子复合物的一部分发挥作用。在这里，我们描述了如何在模式昆虫果蝇的研究提供了深入了解GCN 5在多细胞生物的发展中发挥的重要作用。我们概述了果蝇中四种不同的Gcn 5复合物的组成和活性：Spt-Ada-Gcn 5乙酰转移酶（佐贺）、含Ada 2a的（ATAC）、Ada 2/Gcn 5/Ada 3转录激活因子（ADA）和雪纺组蛋白乙酰转移酶（CHAT）复合物。尽管佐贺和ADA复合物也存在于酿酒酵母中，但ATAC仅在其他后生动物如人类中被鉴定，而CHAT复合物似乎是昆虫所特有的。这些Gcn 5复合物中的每一个都由独特的Ada 2同源物或剪接异构体成核，所述同源物或剪接异构体共享保守的N-末端结构域，并且仅在它们的C-末端结构域中不同。我们描述了共同的和专门的发展功能，每个GCN 5复杂的突变苍蝇的表型分析的基础上。此外，我们还概述了突变果蝇的基因表达研究如何揭示每个复合物的不同生物学作用。总之，这些研究突出了果蝇在理解Gcn 5在多细胞真核生物中的扩展生物学功能方面发挥的关键作用。
The histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 is conserved throughout eukaryotes where it functions as part of large multisubunit transcriptional coactivator complexes that stimulate gene expression. Here, we describe how studies in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into the essential roles played by Gcn5 in the development of multicellular organisms. We outline the composition and activity of the four different Gcn5 complexes in Drosophila: the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA), Ada2a-containing (ATAC), Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator (ADA), and Chiffon Histone Acetyltransferase (CHAT) complexes. Whereas the SAGA and ADA complexes are also present in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ATAC has only been identified in other metazoa such as humans, and the CHAT complex appears to be unique to insects. Each of these Gcn5 complexes is nucleated by unique Ada2 homologs or splice isoforms that share conserved N-terminal domains, and differ only in their C-terminal domains. We describe the common and specialized developmental functions of each Gcn5 complex based on phenotypic analysis of mutant flies. In addition, we outline how gene expression studies in mutant flies have shed light on the different biological roles of each complex. Together, these studies highlight the key role that Drosophila has played in understanding the expanded biological function of Gcn5 in multicellular eukaryotes.