Unstable Expansion: The Development of the Military Medical Evacuation Chain in Korea, 1948-1953.
Unstable Expansion: The Development of the Military Medical Evacuation Chain in Korea, 1948-1953.
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DOI：
10.13081/kjmh.2023.32.463
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发表时间：
2023-08
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本研究探讨了1948-1953年韩国军队医疗后送链的扩展和特点。医疗后送链的最重要目标是保存战斗力，这不能仅仅通过将伤病员送到后方治疗来实现。更重要的是，尽可能多地保留能够完成任务的伤兵在前线。因此，在撤离的过程中，伤员的分诊和保存实力是重中之重，而负责分诊的军医们，在其中扮演着重要的角色。本文以军医为研究对象，对韩国军队医疗后送链的不稳定性进行了研究。虽然韩国在1945年8月从日本殖民统治中解放出来，但韩国没有军队或军队医疗服务。在KMAG的支持下，韩国军队在朝鲜战争期间建立了一个全国性的疏散链。然而，医疗后送链的扩大造成了不稳定。不稳定的核心是人力，而不是组织和运输。1948年以前，韩国人几乎没有军事医疗服务的经验，在朝鲜战争期间，大多数医生在战争爆发后被征召入伍，没有接受过军医培训。因此，韩国军队别无选择，只能使用未经充分培训的军医进行医疗后送。不断升级的战争暴露了穿军装的平民医生的问题。与医疗后送链的目标不同，他们很容易疏散病人，不愿意让病人返回工作岗位。没有受过充分军医训练的韩国陆军医生在军事医疗服务和医疗保健的目标之间挣扎。因此，朝鲜战争期间的军医和医疗后送链的不稳定性反映了战争与医学之间的根本紧张关系。
This research examines the expansion and characteristics of the Korean Army’s chain of medical evacuation in 1948–1953. The most important goal of the chain of medical evacuation was to conserve fighting strength, which cannot be achieved only by sending the sick and wounded to the rear for treatment. It was more important to maintain as many mission-capable wounded soldiers on the frontline. Therefore, triage for conserving strength was the priority in the evacuation process, and military doctors conducting triage played a significant role. Focusing on military doctors, this article studies the instability of the Korean Army’s medical evacuation chain. Although Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial rule in August 1945, Korea had no army or army medical services. With the support of KMAG, the Korean Army was able to build a nationwide evacuation chain during the Korean War. However, the expansion of the medical evacuation chain resulted in instability. At the heart of the instability was manpower, rather than organization and transportation. Koreans had almost no experience with the military medical services before 1948, and during the Korean War, most doctors, who had been conscripted after the outbreak of the war, were not trained as military doctors. Therefore, the Korean Army had no other choice but to conduct medical evacuations using mobilized civilian doctors who were not sufficiently trained as military doctors. The escalating war revealed the problems of civilian doctors in military uniforms. Unlike the goal of the chain of medical evacuation, they easily evacuated patients and were reluctant to release patients to return to their duties. Korean Army doctors who were not sufficiently trained as military doctors struggled between the goals of military medical services and those of medical care. Consequently, the military doctors and the instability of the medical evacuation chain during the Korean War reflect the fundamental tension between war and medicine.