Physiological response and resilience of early life-stage Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to past, present and future ocean acidification.
Physiological response and resilience of early life-stage Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to past, present and future ocean acidification.
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DOI：
10.1093/conphys/cou004
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Talmage SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gobler CJ;Talmage SC
东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）是美国第二大最有价值的双壳类渔业。与其他北大西洋双壳类动物相比，维珍丝卡幼虫对海洋酸化的抵抗力更强，这表明维珍丝卡幼虫可能是未来恢复和水产养殖的更好目标。东部牡蛎，Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)，是美国第二大最有价值的双壳类渔业，对高水平的二氧化碳分压（pCO2）敏感。在这里，我们提出了一些实验，全面研究了海洋过去、现在和未来（21世纪和22世纪）的二氧化碳浓度是如何影响维吉尼卡幼虫阶段的生长和生理的。在当前pCO2浓度（380 μatm）下生长的virasstrea virica幼虫比在较低（250 μatm）和较高的pCO2浓度（750和1500 μatm）下生长的幼虫生长和存活率更高。长牡蛎的钙化率、大小、壳厚、变形、RNA:DNA比值和脂质含量与存活率趋势一致，在380 μatm pCO2下生长的幼虫最大，在高、低pCO2水平下生长的幼虫性能下降。虽然牡蛎之间的一些生理差异可以归因于二氧化碳引起的大小或钙化率的变化，但在环境二氧化碳分压水平下，RNA:DNA比率升高，与这些因素无关。同样，即使考虑到钙化率的差异，暴露于高pCO2水平的个体的脂质含量也会降低。这些发现揭示了高二氧化碳对牡蛎生理的级联、相互依赖的影响。与其他北大西洋双壳类（如雇佣兵和Argopecten irradians）相比，virginica Crassostrea幼虫对pCO2升高的抵抗力明显增强，这一发现可能与这些物种的生物地理和/或进化史有关，并可能对未来的双壳类恢复和水产养殖工作具有重要意义。
The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is the second most valuable bivalve fishery in the US. C. virginica larvae were significantly more resistant to ocean acidification than other North Atlantic bivalves, suggesting it may be a better target for future restoration and aquaculture efforts. The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), is the second most valuable bivalve fishery in the USA and is sensitive to high levels of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Here we present experiments that comprehensively examined how the ocean's past, present and projected (21st and 22nd centuries) CO2 concentrations impact the growth and physiology of larval stages of C. virginica. Crassostrea virginica larvae grown in present-day pCO2 concentrations (380 μatm) displayed higher growth and survival than individuals grown at both lower (250 μatm) and higher pCO2 levels (750 and 1500 μatm). Crassostrea virginica larvae manifested calcification rates, sizes, shell thicknesses, metamorphosis, RNA:DNA ratios and lipid contents that paralleled trends in survival, with maximal values for larvae grown at 380 μatm pCO2 and reduced performance in higher and lower pCO2 levels. While some physiological differences among oysters could be attributed to CO2-induced changes in size or calcification rates, the RNA:DNA ratios at ambient pCO2 levels were elevated, independent of these factors. Likewise, the lipid contents of individuals exposed to high pCO2 levels were depressed even when differences in calcification rates were considered. These findings reveal the cascading, interdependent impact that high CO2 can have on oyster physiology. Crassostrea virginica larvae are significantly more resistant to elevated pCO2 than other North Atlantic bivalves, such as Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians, a finding that may be related to the biogeography and/or evolutionary history of these species and may have important implications for future bivalve restoration and aquaculture efforts.