Thyroid disrupting effects of halogenated and next generation chemicals on the swim bladder development of zebrafish
Thyroid disrupting effects of halogenated and next generation chemicals on the swim bladder development of zebrafish
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.024
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sepulveda, Maria S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godfrey, Amy;Hooser, Blair;Sepulveda, Maria S.
内分泌干扰物（EDCs）可以改变甲状腺功能，对生长发育产生不利影响。卤化化合物，如通常用于食品包装的全氟化学品，以及从服装到电子产品等广泛产品中使用的溴化阻燃剂，都可能对甲状腺造成干扰。由于这些化合物的不良影响，有必要开发更安全的下一代化学品。本研究的目的是测试旧用途和下一代卤化化学品对甲状腺的破坏潜力。斑马鱼胚胎暴露于三种旧化合物，全氟辛酸（PFOA），四溴双酚A （TBBPA）和三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸（TDCPP）和两种新化合物，9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷酸菲-10-氧（DOPO）和全氟丁酸（PFBA）。亚慢性（受精后0-6天）和慢性（0-28天）暴露在已知杀死50% （LC50）的浓度的1%。测量了鱼鳔表面积的变化以及参与甲状腺控制鱼鳔膨胀的基因的表达水平。在6 dpf时，暴露于所有卤化化学品的斑马鱼，无论是旧用途还是下一代，后鱼鳔变小，编码甲状腺过氧化物酶tpo的基因表达增加，编码两种鱼鳔表面活性剂蛋白sp-a和sp-c的基因表达增加。这些结果反映了暴露于甲状腺激素的阳性对照的影响。暴露于TPO抑制剂（甲巯咪唑，MMI）的鱼在28 dpf时TPO表达水平降低。暴露于MMI以及新旧卤化化学品后，对28 dpf前鱼鳔的影响是相同的，即50%的鱼体内没有SB，这些鱼的体型也较小。总的来说，我们的结果表明，通过鱼鳔表面活性剂系统测试的卤化化合物对甲状腺有破坏作用。然而，除了TBBPA和TDCPP外，测试的浓度（类似于5-137 ppm）不太可能在环境中发现。
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter thyroid function and adversely affect growth and development. Halogenated compounds, such as perfluorinated chemicals commonly used in food packaging, and brominated flame retardants used in a broad range of products from clothing to electronics, can act as thyroid disruptors. Due to the adverse effects of these compounds, there is a need for the development of safer next generation chemicals. The objective of this study was to test the thyroid disruption potential of old use and next generation halogenated chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to three old use compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and two next generation chemicals, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxdie (DOPO) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA). Sub-chronic (0-6 days post fertilization (dpf)) and chronic (0-28 dpf) exposures were conducted at 1% of the concentration known to kill 50% (LC50) of the population. Changes in the surface area of the swim bladder as well as in expression levels of genes involved in the thyroid control of swim bladder inflation were measured. At 6 dpf, zebrafish exposed to all halogenated chemicals, both old use and next generation, had smaller posterior swim bladder and increased expression in the gene encoding thyroid peroxidase, tpo and the genes encoding two swim bladder surfactant proteins, sp-a and sp-c. These results mirrored the effects of thyroid hormone-exposed positive controls. Fish exposed to a TPO inhibitor (methimazole, MMI) had a decrease in tpo expression levels at 28 dpf. Effects on the anterior swim bladder at 28 dpf, after exposure to MMI as well as both old and new halogenated chemicals, were the same, i.e., absence of SB in 50% of fish, which were also of smaller body size. Overall, our results suggest thyroid disruption by the halogenated compounds tested via the swim bladder surfactant system. However, with the exception of TBBPA and TDCPP, the concentrations tested (similar to 5-137 ppm) are not likely to be found in the environment.