An integrated study of urban microclimates in Chongqing, China: Historical weather data, transverse measurement and numerical simulation
An integrated study of urban microclimates in Chongqing, China: Historical weather data, transverse measurement and numerical simulation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scs.2014.09.007
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
R. Yao;Qing Luo;Zhiwen Luo;Lai Jiang;Yu Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Yao;Qing Luo;Zhiwen Luo;Lai Jiang;Yu Yang
重庆是中国最大的中央政府直辖市，目前该市正在经历快速的城市化进程。问题仍然悬而未决：重庆如此快速的城市化会给城市小气候带来什么后果？本文采用了三种不同研究方法的综合研究。通过对观测的年气候资料进行分析，发现重庆市1951年至2010年的年平均气温呈0.10℃/旬的平均上升趋势，表明重庆城市变暖程度较高。此外，还进行了两种互补的实地测量：固定气象站和流动横向测量。使用自行开发的程序进行的数值模拟能够预测重庆的城市气温。与秋、冬季相比，重庆夏季城市热岛强度较强。最大城市热岛强度出现在午夜左右，最高可达2.5℃。白天，存在城市凉岛。当地的绿化对当地的热环境有很大的影响。城市绿地可以降低城市空气温度，从而缓解城市热岛效应。重庆城市河流的降温效果有限，因为河流两岸都是最发达的地区，但与远离河流的地方相比，河流附近的相对湿度要高得多。
Chongqing is the largest central-government-controlled municipality in China, which is now undergoing a rapid urbanization. The question remains open: What are the consequences of such rapid urbanization in Chongqing in terms of urban microclimates? An integrated study comprising three different research approaches is adopted in the present paper. By analyzing the observed annual climate data, an average rising trend of 0.10 °C/decade was found for the annual mean temperature from 1951 to 2010 in Chongqing, indicating a higher degree of urban warming in Chongqing. In addition, two complementary types of field measurements were conducted: fixed weather stations and mobile transverse measurement. Numerical simulations using a house-developed program are able to predict the urban air temperature in Chongqing. The urban heat island intensity in Chongqing is stronger in summer compared to autumn and winter. The maximum urban heat island intensity occurs at around midnight, and can be as high as 2.5 °C. In the daytime, an urban cool island exists. Local greenery has a great impact on the local thermal environment. Urban green spaces can reduce urban air temperature and therefore mitigate the urban heat island. The cooling effect of an urban river is limited in Chongqing, as both sides of the river are the most developed areas, but the relative humidity is much higher near the river compared with the places far from it.