The linkages between deforestation, energy and growth for environmental degradation in Pakistan
The linkages between deforestation, energy and growth for environmental degradation in Pakistan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.040
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Long, Wei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed, Khalid;Shahbaz, Muhammad;Long, Wei
本研究使用1980-2013年的时间序列数据，以森林砍伐作为环境退化的指标（因变量），探讨了巴基斯坦环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假设的有效性，还检查了四个自变量（经济增长，能源消耗，贸易开放度和人口）。应用自回归分布滞后（ARDL）边界检验方法进行协整检验和VECM-Granger因果关系检验。结果证实了长期和短期路径中变量之间存在协整关系。然而，从长远来看，经济增长对森林砍伐的负面影响正在减少，这证实了巴基斯坦森林砍伐的EKC假设。此外，经济增长和能源消费的格兰杰导致森林砍伐。经济增长与能源消费之间存在双向因果关系，但从长期来看，经济增长和贸易开放度是能源消费的格兰杰原因。这项研究设计了几个重要的测试，以确保政策使用的结果的可靠性，并有助于未来的研究环境增长能源的关系。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This study explores the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Pakistan using time series data from 1980-2013 with deforestation as an indicator (dependent variable) for environmental degradation, and four independent variables (economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and population) were also examined. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and the VECM-Granger causality test were applied. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables both in long- and short-run paths. However, the diminishing negative impact of economic growth on deforestation in the long-run confirms the EKC hypothesis for deforestation in Pakistan. Moreover, economic growth and energy consumption Granger cause deforestation. A bidirectional causal effect is detected between economic growth and energy consumption, however, in the long-run, economic growth and trade openness Granger cause energy consumption. This study was designed with several significant tests to ensure the reliability of results for policy use and to contribute to future studies on the environment-growth-energy nexus. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.