Trending: The Promises and the Challenges of Big Social Data
Trending: The Promises and the Challenges of Big Social Data
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DOI：
10.5749/minnesota/9780816677948.003.0047
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lev Manovich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lev Manovich
今天，“大数据”一词经常在流行媒体、商业、计算机科学和计算机行业中使用。例如，2008年6月，《连线》杂志在其“PB时代“的特别栏目中指出：“我们捕获、存储和理解大量数据的能力正在改变科学、医学、商业和技术。随着我们收集的事实和数据的增加，找到基本问题答案的机会也会增加”（《PB时代》）。2010年2月，《经济学人》在其特别报告《数据，无处不在的数据》（Data，data everywhere）中以“数据的工业革命”（the industrial revolution of data）（由计算机科学家乔·赫勒斯坦（Joe Hellerstein）创造）开头，然后指出“从商业到科学，从政府到艺术，到处都能感受到这种影响”（“数据，无处不在的数据”）。大众媒体的讨论通常不会从定性的角度来定义“大数据“。然而，在计算机行业，这个术语有更精确的含义：“大数据是一个术语，适用于数据集的大小超出了常用软件工具在可容忍的时间内捕获，管理和处理数据的能力。大数据大小是一个不断变化的目标，目前范围从几十TB到单个数据集中的许多PB数据“（“大数据“）。自2008年成立以来，NEH数字人文办公室一直在系统地创造赠款机会，以帮助人文主义者处理大型数据集。2011年，NEH与美国、加拿大、英国和荷兰的其他一些研究机构共同组织了一次资助竞赛，下面的声明很好地描述了其中的利害关系：“挖掘数据挑战背后的想法是解决‘大数据’如何改变人文和社会科学的研究格局。现在我们有了大量的人文和社会科学学者使用的资料数据库从数字化的书籍、报纸和音乐到网络搜索、传感器数据或手机记录等交易数据我们可以应用什么新的、基于计算的研究方法？随着世界变得越来越数字化，将需要新的技术来搜索，分析和理解这些日常材料。”（“挖掘数据挑战”）。由2009年挖掘到数据挑战和早期NEH 2008人文高性能计算资助计划资助的项目开始绘制.
Today the term " big data " is often used in popular media, business, computer science and computer industry. For instance, in June 2008 Wired magazine opened its special section on " The Petabyte Age " by stating: " Our ability to capture, warehouse, and understand massive amounts of data is changing science, medicine, business, and technology. As our collection of facts and figures grows, so will the opportunity to find answers to fundamental questions " (" The Petabyte Age "). In February 2010, Economist started its special report " Data, data everywhere " with the phrase " the industrial revolution of data " (coined by computer scientist Joe Hellerstein) and then went to note that " The effect is being felt everywhere, from business to science, from government to the arts " (" Data, data everywhere "). Discussions in popular media usually do not define " big data " in qualitative terms. However, in computer industry the term has a more precise meaning: " Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, manage, and process the data within a tolerable elapsed time. Big data sizes are a constantly moving target currently ranging from a few dozen terabytes to many petabytes of data in a single data set " (" Big data ").. Since its formation in 2008, NEH Office of Digital Humanities has been systematically creating grant opportunities to help humanists work with large data sets. The following statement from 2011 grant competition organized by NEH together with a number of other research agencies in USA, Canada, UK, and Netherlands provides an excellent description of what is at stake: " The idea behind the Digging into Data Challenge is to address how "big data" changes the research landscape for the humanities and social sciences. Now that we have massive databases of materials used by scholars in the humanities and social sciences-ranging from digitized books, newspapers, and music to transactional data like web searches, sensor data or cell phone records-what new, computationally-based research methods might we apply? As the world becomes increasingly digital, new techniques will be needed to search, analyze, and understand these everyday materials. " (" Digging into Data Challenge "). The projects funded by 2009 Digging Into Data Challenge and earlier NEH 2008 Humanities High Performance Computing grant program begin to map the …