Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy.
Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2016.00102
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Meck WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turgeon M;Lustig C;Meck WH
这篇综述概述了与年龄相关的时间和时间感知扭曲有关的基本心理和神经生物学过程，在毫秒到分钟的百分之一范围内。将注意力和记忆损伤的间接影响与对时间机制的直接影响区分开来的困难得到了解决。主要的前提是，正常的衰老通常与噪音和时间不确定性的增加有关，这是由于注意力和记忆的损伤，以及皮质纹状体回路中多巴胺-谷氨酸相互作用支持的中央定时机制的准确性和精度可能降低。相关的这些发现，潜在的干预措施可能会减少观察到年龄相关的时间下降的可能性进行了讨论。贝叶斯优化模型能够解释观察到的时间感知的适应性变化，它假设老年人更有可能基于从多次试验中得出的统计推断来判断时间，而不是基于单次试验的时钟读数，后者更容易受到扭曲。我们提出，通过退化原理（不同的结构服务于共同的功能），分配给年龄敏感的额纹状体网络的时间功能可以由其他神经网络提供，这些神经网络通常与精细调谐的感知-运动调节有关。
This review outlines the basic psychological and neurobiological processes associated with age-related distortions in timing and time perception in the hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. The difficulty in separating indirect effects of impairments in attention and memory from direct effects on timing mechanisms is addressed. The main premise is that normal aging is commonly associated with increased noise and temporal uncertainty as a result of impairments in attention and memory as well as the possible reduction in the accuracy and precision of a central timing mechanism supported by dopamine-glutamate interactions in cortico-striatal circuits. Pertinent to these findings, potential interventions that may reduce the likelihood of observing age-related declines in timing are discussed. Bayesian optimization models are able to account for the adaptive changes observed in time perception by assuming that older adults are more likely to base their temporal judgments on statistical inferences derived from multiple trials than on a single trial’s clock reading, which is more susceptible to distortion. We propose that the timing functions assigned to the age-sensitive fronto-striatal network can be subserved by other neural networks typically associated with finely-tuned perceptuo-motor adjustments, through degeneracy principles (different structures serving a common function).