Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam
Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00415.x
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hongyan Yu;W. X. Ding;Jiafa Luo;A. Donnison;Jiabao Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hongyan Yu;W. X. Ding;Jiafa Luo;A. Donnison;Jiabao Zhang
通过测定土壤和团聚体中碳循环酶的活性，了解堆肥和无机肥料对集约化旱地土壤有机碳积累的影响。在长期的田间试验中，采用堆肥、半堆肥N +半肥N、肥料NPK、肥料NP、肥料NK、肥料PK和不施肥7种处理方式采集土壤样品。连续施用堆肥18年，土壤有机碳含量和3种团聚体粒径分别比对照增加72-124和78-234%。施肥也显著提高了土壤、大团聚体和粉土+粘土组分的有机碳含量，但对微团聚体无显著影响。与对照相比，施用堆肥显著降低了土壤和3种团聚体中多酚氧化酶的比活性（单位有机碳活性），而施肥的影响要弱得多。添加堆肥也显著降低了大团聚体和粉土+粘土组分中转化酶的比活性，且这种影响比添加氮磷钾更为明显。施用无机肥和堆肥显著提高了土壤、大团聚体和微团聚体（粉土+粘土组分）中纤维素生物水解酶的比活性和微团聚体中木糖苷酶的比活性。施用氮磷钾比堆肥的效果更明显。因此，我们认为堆肥土壤中有机碳的增加可能与大团聚体中木质纤维素和蔗糖的积累、微团聚体中木质纤维素和半纤维素的积累以及淤泥+粘土组分中木质素（其衍生物）和非结构性碳水化合物的积累有关。氮磷钾的施用提高了有机碳含量，这可能是由于大团聚体和粉土+粘土组分中木质素（其衍生物）和蔗糖含量的增加。因此，施用高木质纤维素堆肥可有效提高华北平原土壤有机碳含量。
The activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes were measured in soil and aggregates to understand compost and inorganic fertilizer amendment effects on soil organic carbon accumulation in an intensively cultivated upland field. Soil samples were collected from a long‐term field experiment with seven treatments: compost, half‐compost N plus half‐fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK and no fertilizer control. The 18‐yr continuous application of compost increased organic C content in soil and three aggregate sizes by 72–124 and 78–234%, respectively, compared with the control. Fertilization also significantly increased organic C contents in soil, macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, but not in microaggregates. Compost application significantly reduced the specific activities of polyphenol oxidase (activity per unit organic C) in soil and three aggregate sizes compared with control, whereas fertilization had a much weaker effect. Compost amendment also significantly lowered the specific activities of invertase in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, and this effect was more pronounced than the addition of fertilizer NPK. In contrast, inorganic fertilizer and compost application significantly increased the specific activities of cellobiohydrolase in soil, macroaggregates and microaggregates (but not in the silt + clay fraction), and xylosidase in microaggregates. The application of fertilizer NPK had a more pronounced effect than compost. We considered that the increase in organic C in compost‐amended soil was therefore probably associated with the accumulation of lignocellulose and sucrose in macroaggregates, lignocellulose and hemicellulose in microaggregates and lignin (its derivative) and nonstructural carbohydrates in the silt + clay fraction. However, the application of fertilizer NPK enhanced organic C probably due to an increase in the content of lignin (its derivative) and sucrose in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction. Therefore, the application of compost with high lignocellulose should be effective to increase soil organic C in the North China Plain.