Effects of an Intervention Program on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Stop-Jump and Side-Cutting Tasks
Effects of an Intervention Program on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Stop-Jump and Side-Cutting Tasks
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干预计划对定跳和侧切任务中下肢生物力学的影响
DOI：
10.1177/0363546518793393
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bing Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen Yang;Wanxiang Yao;W. Garrett;D. L. Givens;J. Hacke;Hui Liu;Bing Yu
背景：前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤是运动中最常见的损伤之一。为了降低非接触性ACL损伤的风险，了解干预计划对神经肌肉控制相关生物力学风险因素的影响至关重要。假设：新开发的4周干预方案可显著增加停跳和侧切任务中最大冲击后地面反力时的膝关节屈曲角度，显著降低最大冲击后地面反力和垂直地面反力，而干预效果在训练完成后仍保持不变。研究设计：对照实验室研究。研究方法：共招募了22名男性和18名女性大学篮球和排球运动员，这些运动员具有与ACL损伤风险增加相关的生物力学特征，并随机分配到干预组或对照组。干预组在参加常规训练的同时，通过每周3次的力量和测力训练来提高着陆技术，持续4周。对照组只进行为期4周的常规训练。在第0周（研究开始）和第4、8、16和20周结束时收集停跳和侧切任务中的三维运动学和动力学数据。计算膝关节屈曲角和地面反作用力。采用混合设计进行方差分析，以确定每种性别的干预效应和干预效应的保留。结果如下：与第0周和男性对照组相比，干预组的男性参与者在第8、12和20周时在停跳任务中峰值冲击后地面反作用力时的膝关节屈曲角显著增加（P ≤ .002）。男性受试者在侧切任务中膝关节屈曲角度和地面反力没有显著的干预效果。在男性参与者的任何任务中，都没有检测到对起飞速度的显着相互作用影响。女性受试者在任何任务中的膝关节屈曲角度和地面反作用力均未发现显著的干预效果。与对照组相比，干预组在第20周时停跳任务中的垂直起飞速度显著降低（P = 0.011）。结论：为期4周的干预计划显着增加了男性大学生运动员在停跳任务中的峰值冲击后地面反作用力时的膝关节屈曲角，但对任务的表现没有显着影响。这种干预效果在训练完成后至少保留了16周。然而，干预计划并没有影响女大学生运动员在任何任务中的膝关节屈曲角度和地面反作用力。干预16周后，观察到女大学生运动员在停跳任务中垂直起飞速度的降低。临床相关性：以力量训练与测力训练为介入方案，可改善大学男生停跳动作落地生物力学。该干预计划可能是一个有用的工具，以防止非接触性ACL损伤的男性大学运动员。
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries in sport. To reduce the risk of noncontact ACL injury, it is critical to understand the effects of an intervention program on neuromuscular control–related biomechanical risk factors. Hypothesis: A newly developed 4-week intervention program would significantly increase the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force and would significantly decrease the peak impact posterior and vertical ground-reaction forces in the stop-jump and side-cutting tasks, while the intervention effects would be retained after the training was completed. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 22 male and 18 female collegiate basketball and volleyball players with biomechanical characteristics associated with increased risk of ACL injury were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group executed a program to improve landing techniques through strength and plyometric training 3 times a week for 4 weeks while participating in their regular training. The control group participated in only their regular training for 4 weeks. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data in the stop-jump and side-cutting tasks were collected at week 0 (the beginning of the study) and at the ends of weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20. Knee flexion angle and ground-reaction forces were calculated. Analyses of variance with a mixed design were performed to determine the intervention effects and the retention of intervention effects for each sex. Results: Male participants in the intervention group significantly increased the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force in the stop-jump task at weeks 8, 12, and 20 when compared with that at week 0 and with the male control group (P ≤ .002). No significant intervention effects on knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force were found in the side-cutting task for male participants. No significant interaction effects on takeoff velocities were detected in any task for male participants. No significant intervention effects on knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force were found in any task for female participants. Vertical takeoff velocity in the stop-jump task was significantly lower in the intervention group at week 20 compared with the control group (P = .011). Conclusion: A 4-week intervention program significantly increased the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force of male collegiate athletes in the stop-jump task without significant effect on the performance of the task. This intervention effect was retained for at least 16 weeks after the training was completed. The intervention program, however, did not affect knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force in any task for female collegiate athletes. A reduction in vertical takeoff velocity of the stop-jump task was observed for female collegiate athletes 16 weeks after the intervention. Clinical Relevance: The intervention program with strength conditioning and plyometric exercises could modify landing biomechanics of male collegiate athletes in a stop-jump task. The intervention program may be a useful tool for preventing noncontact ACL injury for male collegiate athletes.