Holocene Fires and Ecological Novelty in the High Colombian Cordillera Oriental
Holocene Fires and Ecological Novelty in the High Colombian Cordillera Oriental
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2022.895152
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发表时间：
2022-06-09
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Urrego, Dunia H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Espinoza, Ismael G.;Franco-Gaviria, Felipe;Urrego, Dunia H.
快速的气候变化和人类活动的增加定义了全新世（距今11.6千年），生物系统面临最近和突然的环境变化。了解生物多样性如何应对外在因素，需要确定不同的气候条件，干扰制度的变化，并增加人为影响的影响。尽管它是生物多样性的中心之一，但长期人为和气候变化在塑造安第斯生物多样性高的地区方面的潜在协同作用尚未得到充分探讨。在这里，我们提出了新的花粉和木炭记录从Pantano德Monquentiva（以下简称Monquentiva）的哥伦比亚科迪勒拉东方（CCO）的东侧高地记录气候，植被和火之间的关系，通过全新世。我们发现，在8.7，6.1，和4.1 kyr BP在Monquentiva的气候，火灾和人类占领的相互作用造成的成分转变。减少水分和温度造成的组成变化，帕拉莫植被从约。8.7 Kyr BP。火活动记录在整个全新世，并略有增加，在全新世中期时，区域和当地的火灾脱钩建议人类活动的点火源。中全新世火灾对Monquentiva的植被组成产生了很大的影响，该植被组成在约1000年发生了快速变化。6.8 Kyr BP。从4.1 kyr BP开始，火灾活动急剧增加，促进了3.8 kyr BP植物群落的重组。火灾活动的这种变化可能与更严重的ENSO事件有关，随后在3.8 kyr BP后被人类活动加剧。虽然高气候敏感性解释了CCO东侧的大部分全新世植被变化，但我们的研究强调了火灾活动，气候变量分布不均匀以及人类干预与我们今天看到的植被组成的相关性。
Rapid climate changes and the increasing presence of humans define the Holocene Epoch (11.6 calibrated kiloyears before present - hereafter kyr BP), when biological systems have faced the most recent and abrupt environmental changes. Understanding how biodiversity responds to extrinsic factors requires determining the effects of varying climatic conditions, changes in disturbance regimes, and increasing anthropogenic impacts. Despite being one center for biodiversity, the potential synergies of long-term anthropogenic and climate changes in shaping areas of high Andean biodiversity have yet to be explored fully. Here we present new pollen and charcoal records from the Pantano de Monquentiva (hereafter Monquentiva) on the highlands of the eastern flank of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental (CCO) to document relationships between climate, vegetation, and fire through the Holocene. We found compositional transitions at 8.7, 6.1, and 4.1 kyr BP at Monquentiva resulting from the interaction of climate, fire, and human occupation. Reduced moisture and temperature caused a compositional shift in Paramo vegetation from ca. 8.7 kyr BP. Fire activity was recorded throughout the Holocene and increased slightly during the Mid-Holocene when regional and local fire decoupling suggested human activities as the source of ignition. Mid-Holocene fires had a large effect on the vegetation composition at Monquentiva which recorded a rapid shift at ca. 6.8 kyr BP. Fire activity increased sharply from 4.1 kyr BP, promoting the reorganization of plant communities at 3.8 kyr BP. This shift in fire activity was likely related to more severe ENSO events and subsequently intensified by human activities after 3.8 kyr BP. Although high climatic sensitivity explains most Holocene vegetation changes in the eastern flank of the CCO, our study highlights the relevance of fire activity, uneven distribution of climatic variables, and human intervention to the composition of the vegetation we see today.