Experimental quantum simulations of many-body physics with trapped ions
Experimental quantum simulations of many-body physics with trapped ions
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DOI：
10.1088/0034-4885/75/2/024401
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
18.1
通讯作者：
Christian Schneider;D. Porras;T. Schaetz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christian Schneider;D. Porras;T. Schaetz
由于在自然复杂的环境中缺乏对相关参数的精确控制，因此不允许直接通过实验访问一些最有趣的量子现象。它们在传统计算机上的模拟是不可能的，因为由叠加态或纠缠引起的量子行为不能有效地翻译成经典语言。然而，人们可以通过实验模拟另一个量子系统中感兴趣的量子行为来更深入地了解复杂的量子动力学，在另一个量子系统中，可以很好地控制相关参数和相互作用，并检测到足够好的稳健效应。捕获离子系统提供了对内部(电子)和外部(运动)自由度的独特控制。离子之间的相互库仑相互作用允许在相对较大的相互离子距离处有较大的相互作用强度，从而能够单独控制和读出。因此，囚禁离子系统在几个物理学科中表现出突出的系统，例如量子信息处理或计量学。在这里，我们将概述不同的离子捕获技术以及实现对其量子态的相干操纵，并讨论相关的理论基础。然后，我们报告了利用囚禁离子模拟量子多体物理的实验和理论进展，并介绍了目前放大到更多离子和更多维系统的方法。
Direct experimental access to some of the most intriguing quantum phenomena is not granted due to the lack of precise control of the relevant parameters in their naturally intricate environment. Their simulation on conventional computers is impossible, since quantum behaviour arising with superposition states or entanglement is not efficiently translatable into the classical language. However, one could gain deeper insight into complex quantum dynamics by experimentally simulating the quantum behaviour of interest in another quantum system, where the relevant parameters and interactions can be controlled and robust effects detected sufficiently well. Systems of trapped ions provide unique control of both the internal (electronic) and external (motional) degrees of freedom. The mutual Coulomb interaction between the ions allows for large interaction strengths at comparatively large mutual ion distances enabling individual control and readout. Systems of trapped ions therefore exhibit a prominent system in several physical disciplines, for example, quantum information processing or metrology. Here, we will give an overview of different trapping techniques of ions as well as implementations for coherent manipulation of their quantum states and discuss the related theoretical basics. We then report on the experimental and theoretical progress in simulating quantum many-body physics with trapped ions and present current approaches for scaling up to more ions and more-dimensional systems.