Sex differences and statistical stereotyping in attitudes toward financial risk
Sex differences and statistical stereotyping in attitudes toward financial risk
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DOI：
10.1016/s1090-5138(02)00097-1
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Grossman, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckel, CC;Grossman, PJ
在一项实验室实验中，受试者完成了祖克曼感觉寻求量表(SSS)，然后从五种不同的赌博方式中进行选择，这些赌博涉及大量的经济利益。这些赌博在预期回报和方差方面有所不同。在受试者之间的设计中，赌博被呈现在两个不同的框架中的一个中。在一个实验中，受试者在完成调查后会得到一笔固定的金额，然后这笔钱在随后的赌博选择中就会面临风险。在另一种情况下，所有赌博的回报金额都不是负数。受试者根据他们的选择和赌博的结果获得报酬。我们在这项选择任务中测试了性别差异，发现平均而言，女性比男性更倾向于规避风险。我们没有观察到不同帧之间的差异。然后，受试者被要求猜测其他参与者的赌博选择，并对每个正确答案进行奖励。在猜测两性个体的具体选择上，男女受试者都比机率做得好得多，但男性和女性都高估了其他人的风险厌恶，尤其是女性，尤其是男性对女性选择的预测。讨论了关于女性风险态度的偏见假设可能在现实世界中的影响。(C)2002 Elsevier Science Inc.保留所有权利。
Subjects in a laboratory experiment completed the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) then chose among five alternative gambles with substantial financial stakes. The gambles differed in expected return and variance. Gambles were presented in one of two different frames in a between-subjects design. In one, subjects were paid a fixed sum for completing the survey and that sum was then at risk in the subsequent gamble choices. In the other, all payoff amounts for the gambles were nonnegative. Subjects were paid according to their choices and the outcomes of the gambles. We tested for sex differences in this choice task and found women to be consistently more risk averse, on average, than men. We observed no difference across frames. Subjects were then asked to guess the gamble choices of each of the other participants and were rewarded for each correct answer. Subjects of both sexes did substantially better than chance in guessing the particular choices of individuals of both sexes, but both men and women overestimated the risk aversion of others, especially that of women, and most strongly of all with respect to men's predictions of women's choices. Possible real-world implications of biased assumptions about women's risk attitudes are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.