Conserving wild bees for crop pollination
Conserving wild bees for crop pollination
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
D. Goulson
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作者：
D. Goulson
世界上很大一部分农作物依赖昆虫授粉，但对于许多农作物，我们几乎没有或根本没有关于哪些授粉者最有效的信息。传统上，传粉者管理只集中在一个物种上，蜜蜂，意大利蜜蜂。然而，这种蜜蜂不能充分授粉的一些作物，是一个不可靠的授粉者在寒冷和潮湿的气候。野生蜂种和其他昆虫的自然种群可能对许多作物的授粉有很大贡献。然而，在过去的50年里，由于农业集约化，这些昆虫中的许多已经大大减少。似乎可以肯定的是，一些作物的产量现在受到授粉不足的限制，而由于缺乏合适的授粉者，生产新作物的机会可能会减少。农业环境计划提供了一个机会，以提高授粉种群在农田中，但目前很少有人知道哪些计划是最合适的。需要进行大规模的田间试验，以评估如何最好地鼓励和维持农田上的野生传粉者种群。
A substantial proportion of the worlds crops rely on insect pollination, yet for many we have little or no information as to which pollinators are most effective. Pollinator management has traditionally focussed exclusively on one species, the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Yet this bee is not able to adequately pollinate some crops, and is an unreliable pollinator in cold and wet climates. Natural populations of wild bee species and other insects probably contribute greatly to pollination of many crops. Yet many of these insects have declined greatly in the last 50 years as a result of agricultural intensification. It seems certain that the yield of some crops is now limited by inadequate pollination, and that opportunities for diversification into novel crops may be reduced through a lack of suitable pollinators. Agri-environment schemes provide an opportunity to enhance pollinator populations in farmland, but at present little is known as to which schemes are most suitable. Large-scale field trials are needed to assess how best to encourage and sustain populations of wild pollinators on farmland.