RECONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN-EVOLUTION - BRINGING TOGETHER GENETIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND LINGUISTIC DATA
RECONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN-EVOLUTION - BRINGING TOGETHER GENETIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND LINGUISTIC DATA
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.85.16.6002
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发表时间：
1988-08-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
MOUNTAIN, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CAVALLISFORZA, LL;PIAZZA, A;MOUNTAIN, J
这项工作的遗传信息来自世界土著人的“经典”（非DNA）多态性的基因频率的大量收集。这些数据被分组在42个群体中，研究了120个等位基因。由此产生的人类进化历史的重建是用统计技术如“自举”来检验的。“它改变了一些早期的结论，并与最近的结论一致，包括已发表和未发表的DNA标记结果。系统发育树的第一个分支将非洲人与非非洲人分开，第二个分支将两个主要的集群分开，一个对应于高加索人、东亚人、北极人群和美洲原住民，另一个对应于东南亚人（大陆和岛屿）、太平洋岛民、新几内亚人和澳大利亚人。最重要的聚类之间的平均遗传距离与考古分离时间成正比。语言家族对应的人群很少，很容易理解的重叠，他们的起源可以给出一个时间框架。语言超家族与两个主要的类群表现出显著的对应关系，表明遗传进化和语言进化之间存在相当大的平行性。语言发展的最新进展可能是决定现代人出现和尼安德特人灭亡后迅速扩张的重要因素。
The genetic information for this work came from a very large collection of gene frequencies for "classical" (non-DNA) polymorphisms of the world aborigines. The data were grouped in 42 populations studied for 120 alleles. The reconstruction of human evolutionary history thus generated was checked with statistical techniques such as "boot-strapping." It changes some earlier conclusions and is in agreement with more recent ones, including published and unpublished DNA-marker results. The first split in the phylogenetic tree separates Africans from non-Africans, and the second separates two major clusters, one corresponding to Caucasoids, East Asians, Arctic populations, and American natives, and the other to Southeast Asians (mainland and insular), Pacific islanders, and New Guineans and Australians. Average genetic distances between the most important clusters are proportional to archaeological separation times. Linguistic families correspond to groups of populations with very few, easily understood overlaps, and their origin can be given a time frame. Linguistic superfamilies show remarkable correspondence with the two major clusters, indicating considerable parallelism between genetic and linguistic evolution. The latest step in language development may have been an important factor determining the rapid expansion that followed the appearance of modern humans and the demise of Neanderthals.