Motor sequence learning and movement disorders
Motor sequence learning and movement disorders
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DOI：
10.1097/wco.0b013e328304b6a3
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Doyon, Julien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doyon, Julien
综述的目的最近通过对健康个体的行为和成像研究，对与运动序列学习相关的行为变化和大脑可塑性的心理生理决定因素有了新的见解。此外，在运动障碍患者组中使用各种运动序列范例，我们在理解帕金森氏病和亨廷顿病潜在的病理生理机制以及主要形式的肌张力障碍方面取得了重大进展。最近的发现本综述首先描述了在正常参与者中观察到的神经网络在运动序列学习的不同阶段的动态变化的最新发现。然后重点讨论了激烈争论的运动记忆巩固问题，重点介绍了新的研究结果，这些研究调查了白天和晚上睡眠的作用、神经底物以及调节这一过程的发育进化。最后，本文介绍了目前关于运动障碍中运动序列学习的工作，这些工作有助于更好地理解基底节结构对这类记忆的功能贡献，评估此类疾病对大脑激活相关模式的影响，以及确定这些基底节障碍所引起的神经元代偿机制。这些进展具有重要的意义，不仅对于优化在现实生活中学习新的熟练行为的方法，而且对于指导运动障碍患者的治疗方法也有重要意义。
Purpose of reviewNew insights into the psychophysiological determinants of performance changes and brain plasticity associated with motor sequence learning have recently been gained through behavioral and imaging studies in healthy individuals. In addition, using a variety of motor sequential paradigms in groups of patients affected by a movement disorder, major advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, as well as primary forms of dystonia.Recent findingsThis review begins by describing the latest findings in normal participants with regards to the dynamic alterations in neural networks observed across the different phases of motor sequence learning. It then focuses on the hotly debated issue of motor memory consolidation, highlighting the results of novel studies that investigated the role of both day and night sleep, the neural substrates and the developmental evolution mediating this process. Finally, this paper addresses current work looking at motor sequence learning in movement disorders that helps to better comprehend the functional contribution of basal ganglia structures to this type of memory, to assess the impact of such diseases on related patterns of brain activation, as well as to identify the neuronal compensatory mechanisms educed by these basal ganglia disorders.SummarySuch advances have major implications, not only for optimizing ways to learn new skilled behaviors in real-life situations, but also for guiding therapeutic approaches in patients with movement disorders.