Public perceptions about risk and protective factors for cognitive health and impairment: a review of the literature.
Public perceptions about risk and protective factors for cognitive health and impairment: a review of the literature.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1041610214002877
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发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Lin SY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman DB;Becofsky K;Anderson LA;Bryant LL;Hunter RH;Ivey SL;Belza B;Logsdon RG;Brannon S;Vandenberg AE;Lin SY
预防和/或延迟认知障碍是公共卫生的优先事项。为了提高对可能有助于维持认知功能或降低受损风险的行为的认识和参与，我们需要了解公众对风险和保护因素的看法。我们对自2007年国家公共卫生路线图以来发表的与认知健康和障碍相关的风险和保护因素的研究进行了范围审查。对五个数据库的检索产生了2007年6月至2013年12月期间发表的1，115份文件。摘要的初步审查确定了90项可能合格的研究。全文审查后，30篇符合纳入标准;参考文献列表中识别的另外4篇文章也符合纳入标准。在这34项研究中，16项研究专门针对阿尔茨海默病（AD），15项广泛的痴呆症，5项轻度至中度认知障碍，8项正常功能，其中一些内容重叠。在所有研究中，受访者报告遗传学（n = 14项研究），老年（n = 8），压力（n = 7），脑/头部损伤（n = 6）和精神疾病/脑部疾病（n = 6）是AD和痴呆的感知风险因素。最常见的维持认知健康的保护因素是智力/精神刺激（n = 13），体力活动（n = 12），健康饮食（n = 10）和社交/休闲活动（n = 10）。研究发现，遗传和年龄较大是主要的感知风险因素，而不是吸烟等行为。个体认为许多生活方式因素（例如智力刺激，体力活动）可以防止认知障碍，AD和/或痴呆。研究结果可以为国家和国际关于AD和其他痴呆症的教育工作提供信息。
Preventing and/or delaying cognitive impairment is a public health priority. To increase awareness of and participation in behaviors that may help maintain cognitive function or reduce risk of impairment, we need to understand public perceptions about risk and protective factors. We conducted a scoping review of studies examining the public’s perceptions about risk and protective factors related to cognitive health and impairment published since the 2007 National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health. A search of five databases yielded 1,115 documents published between June 2007 and December 2013. Initial review of abstracts identified 90 potentially eligible studies. After full-article review, 30 met inclusion criteria; four additional articles identified in reference lists also met inclusion criteria. Of the 34, 16 studies addressed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) specifically, 15 dementia broadly, 5 mild to moderate cognitive impairment, and 8 normal functioning, with some content overlap. Across studies, respondents reported genetics (n = 14 studies), older age (n = 8), stress (n = 7), brain/head injury (n = 6), and mental illness/brain disease (n = 6) as perceived risk factors for AD and dementia. Protective factors most commonly identified for maintaining cognitive health were intellectual/mental stimulation (n = 13), physical activity (n = 12), healthy diet (n = 10), and social/leisure activities (n = 10). Studies identified genetics and older age as key perceived risk factors more so than behaviors such as smoking. Individuals perceived that numerous lifestyle factors (e.g. intellectual stimulation, physical activity) could protect against cognitive impairment, AD, and/or dementia. Results can inform national and international education efforts about AD and other dementias.