Dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.033
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Zhou, Xiao-Qiu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
He, Peng;Jiang, Wei-Dan;Zhou, Xiao-Qiu
研究饲料中生物素缺乏对生长期草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）生长性能及头肾、脾脏和皮肤免疫功能的影响。共540条生长期草鱼（117.11 ± 0.48 g），分别饲喂生物素水平依次递增的6种饲料（0.012、0.110、0.214、0.311、0.427和0.518 mg/kg饲料）70 d。随后，通过用嗜水气单胞菌感染它们6天进行攻击实验。结果表明，与适宜的生物素水平相比，（1）生物素缺乏0.012 mg/kg饲料组草鱼头肾、脾脏和皮肤中溶菌酶（LZ）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性降低，补体C3、C4和免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量降低，抗菌肽mRNA水平降低;（2）生物素缺乏降低了生长期草鱼头肾、脾脏和皮肤中抗微生物物质肝表达抗菌肽（LEAP）-2A、LEAP-2B、铁调素、β-防御素-1和粘蛋白2的mRNA水平;（3）生物素缺乏增加了促炎细胞因子白细胞介素1 β的mRNA水平（IL-1 β）、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12 p40、IL-15、IL-17 D、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和干扰素γ 2（IFN-γ 2）部分与核因子-κ B相关（NF-κ B）信号传导和减少抗炎性IL-4/13 A、IL-10、IL-11和转化生长因子β 1（TGF-β 1）mRNA水平与生长中草鱼头肾、脾脏和皮肤中雷帕霉素靶（TOR）信号传导部分相关。有趣的是，生物素缺乏对生长中的草鱼的头肾、脾脏和皮肤中的IL-12 p35、IL-4/13 B、TGF-β 2、4 E-BP 1（仅皮肤）或IKK α的表达没有影响。结果表明，生物素缺乏会损害鱼的头肾、脾脏和皮肤的免疫功能。根据增重率、防止皮肤出血和病变的能力、头肾中LZ活性和脾脏中C_4含量，估算出生长期草鱼（117-534 g）饲料中生物素的适宜水平分别为0.210、0.230、0.245和0.238 mg/kg饲料。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary biotin deficiency on the growth performance and immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (117.11 +/- 0.48 g) were fed six diets containing increasing levels of biotin (0.012, 0.110, 0.214, 0.311, 0.427 and 0.518 mg/kg diet) for 70 days. Subsequently, a challenge experiment was performed by infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for six days. Our results showed that compared with the appropriate biotin level, (1) biotin deficiency (0.012 mg/kg diet) reduced the activities of lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP), decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as reduced the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (2) biotin deficiency reduced the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substances: liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, beta-defensin-1 and mucin 2 in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (3) biotin deficiency increased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma 2 (IFN-gamma 2) partially in association with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signalling and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) mRNA levels partially in association with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. Interestingly, biotin deficiency had no effect on the expression of IL-12p35, IL-4/13B, TGF-beta 2, 4E-BP1 (skin only) or IKK alpha in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. In conclusion, the results indicated that biotin deficiency impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, based on the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability to prevent skin haemorrhages and lesions, the LZ activity in the head kidney and the C4 content in the spleen, the optimal dietary biotin levels for on-growing grass carp (117-534 g) were estimated as 0.210, 0.230, 0.245 and 0.238 mg/kg diet, respectively.