Does the enhanced tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants to water deficit involve modulation of drought-induced plant genes?
Does the enhanced tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants to water deficit involve modulation of drought-induced plant genes?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01841.x
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发表时间：
2006-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. M. Ruiz-Lozano;R. Porcel;R. Aroca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. M. Ruiz-Lozano;R. Porcel;R. Aroca
水分亏缺是陆地植物最常见的环境胁迫因素之一，对植物的生存和生产力有重要的不利影响（Kramer & Boyer, 1997; Bray, 2004）。植物可以通过修改来应对干旱胁迫，使植物避免压力或增加其耐受性。植物对干旱胁迫的耐受性是一个复杂的现象，涉及生物化学和生理水平的许多变化。植物对水分缺乏的细胞反应似乎在植物界是保守的。在多种反应中，植物可以通过诱导特定基因，如编码晚期胚胎发生丰富蛋白（LEA）的基因，或编码渗透调节化合物生物合成蛋白的基因，以及通过调节编码水通道蛋白的基因的表达来适应水分亏缺（Zhu等，1997;Bray, 2004; Luu & Maurel, 2005）。大多数陆生植物也可以与丛枝菌根（AM）真菌建立共生关系。许多研究表明，AM共生可以保护寄主植物免受干旱胁迫的不利影响（评论见Augd, 2001; Ruiz-Lozano, 2003）。人们普遍认为，AM共生对植物抗旱性的贡献是物理、营养和细胞效应的结合（Ruiz-Lozano, 2003）。尽管近年来人们对AM植物的水分关系以及菌根植物对水分限制的耐受性增强所涉及的生理过程的了解有所增加，但AM植物对水分胁迫耐受性的分子基础仍远未被理解（Ruiz-Lozano, 2003）。因此，我们的研究小组已经启动了一项调查，旨在从分子水平上评估干旱诱导基因在AM植物对干旱胁迫的耐受性增强中的可能参与。下面几节将讨论最重要的结果。
Water deficit is one of the most common environmental stress factors experienced by land plants, having a major adverse effect on plant survival and productivity (Kramer & Boyer, 1997; Bray, 2004). Plants can respond to drought stress with modifications that allow the plant to avoid the stress or to increase its tolerance. Tolerance to drought stress in plants is a complex phenomenon and involves many changes at both biochemical and physiological levels. The cellular responses of plants to water deficit appear to be conserved in the plant kingdom. Among a diversity of responses, plants can adapt to water deficit by the induction of specific genes such as genes encoding late embryogenesisabundant (LEA) proteins, or genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of osmoregulatory compounds, as well as by modulating the expression of genes encoding aquaporins (Zhu et al., 1997; Bray, 2004; Luu & Maurel, 2005). Most terrestrial plants can also establish a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. A number of studies have demonstrated that the AM symbiosis can protect host plants against the detrimental effects of drought stress (for reviews see Augd, 2001; Ruiz-Lozano, 2003). It is accepted that the contribution of the AM symbiosis to plant drought tolerance results from a combination of physical, nutritional and cellular effects (Ruiz-Lozano, 2003). Although in recent years there has been an increase in understanding of the water relations of AM plants and the physiological processes involved in the enhanced tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to water limitation, the molecular basis for the tolerance to water stress in AM plants remains far from being understood (Ruiz-Lozano, 2003). Thus our research group has initiated an investigation aimed at evaluating, at a molecular level, the possible participation of drought-induced genes in the enhanced tolerance of AM plants to drought stress. The most important results are discussed in the following sections.