Effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (Vitis vinifera L.) pinot noir fruit and extraction in a model system
Effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (Vitis vinifera L.) pinot noir fruit and extraction in a model system
复制标题
遮光对（葡萄）黑皮诺果实中黄酮类化合物积累和模型系统提取的影响
DOI：
10.1021/jf0616560
复制
发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Kennedy, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cortell, Jessica M.;Kennedy, James A.
测定了欧亚种葡萄中黄酮醇、原花青素和花色苷的积累和组成变化。遮荫和裸露处理中的黑比诺。此外，还测量了这些化合物在模型葡萄酒溶液中的萃取率。这项研究是在一个商业葡萄园进行的，葡萄园内的葡萄活力相对较低。将遮光盒安装在同一枝条上的成对簇上(阴影处理)，并将相邻枝条上的第二组簇标记为曝光处理。果实样本是在成熟开始(Veraison)和商业收获时收获的。遮荫显著降低了黄酮醇和果皮原花青素的积累，花青素的差异很小。在间苯三酚裂解分析种子原花青素时，遮荫处理和裸露处理在真实度上相似，但到收获时，遮荫处理比裸露处理具有更高的延伸和末端亚基(nmoL/种子)。对于果皮原花青素，遮荫果实的所有亚基(nmoL/berry)在采后和采收时都较低。遮荫导致收获时(-)-表儿茶素比例增加，(-)-表儿茶素减少。遮荫果实种子原花青素中(+)-儿茶素含量较低，扩展亚基中(-)-表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯含量较高，末端亚基中(+)-儿茶素和(-)-表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯含量较低，(-)-表儿茶素含量较高。对于花色苷，遮荫处理使飞燕草素、花青素、花青素和花青素的含量成比例减少，而牡丹素糖苷的含量大幅增加。两个处理的模型提取物与遮荫处理中黄酮醇、花青素和原花青素浓度较低的果实差异相当。皮肤原花青素的萃取率在裸露模式下比遮荫处理高出17%。
Accumulation and compositional changes of flavonols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins were measured in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir in shaded and exposed treatments. In addition, extraction of these compounds into a model wine solution was measured. The study was conducted in a commercial vineyard within a uniform zone of relatively low vigor vines. Light exclusion boxes were installed on pairs of clusters on the same shoot ( shaded treatment), and a second set of clusters on an adjacent shoot were labeled as the exposed treatment. Fruit samples were harvested at the onset of ripening ( veraison) and at commercial harvest. Cluster shading resulted in a substantial decrease in mg/berry accumulation of flavonols and skin proanthocyanidins and minimal differences in anthocyanins. In analyzing seed proanthocyanidins by phloroglucinolysis, shaded and exposed treatments were similar at veraison; however, by harvest, the shaded treatment had higher extension and terminal subunits ( nmol/seed) as compared to the exposed treatment. For skin proanthocyanidins, shaded fruit was lower for all subunits ( nmol/berry) at both veraison and harvest. Shading caused an increase in the proportion of (-)-epicatechin and a decrease in (-)-epigallocatechin at harvest in skin extension subunits. Seed proanthocyanidins in shaded fruit contained a lower proportion of (+)-catechin and a higher proportion of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate in extension subunits and a lower proportion of (+)- catechin and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and a higher proportion of (-)- epicatechin in terminal subunits. For anthocyanins, the shaded treatment had a proportional reduction in delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin and a large increase in peonidin glucosides. The model extractions from the two treatments paralleled differences in the fruit with a lower concentration of flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in the shaded treatment. The skin proanthocyanidin percent extraction was found to be similar to 17% higher in the exposed model extraction than the shaded treatment.