Accounting for changes in water use and the need for institutional adaptation
Accounting for changes in water use and the need for institutional adaptation
复制标题
考虑用水的变化和制度适应的需要
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Samad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Molden;R. Sakthivadivel;M. Samad
高效水资源系统的一个关键决定因素是有效的制度安排。一个重要的研究问题是，什么是有效的制度安排？我们认为，不存在单一的最佳制度模式，因为制度要求因流域发展阶段而异。基于水资源会计研究，我们发现水资源利用模式可以用来识别流域发展阶段。本文提出的假设是，根据发展阶段的不同，机构将关注不同的任务。因此，一套运作良好的水管理机构的一个重要特征是能够适应变化。我们使用水会计方法来说明流域发展阶段的概念。我们认为，随着时间的推移，为了满足需求的增长，机构必须将重点从基础设施的发展转变为更好地利用和节约水资源，然后再转变为改善水资源的分配和监管。机构必须是动态的实体，随着流域发展阶段的变化而变化。一开始，它们只有一个目的。然后，随着流域的发展，它们要么扩大其功能，要么发展其他机构以满足管理需求。这些概念在尼泊尔和中国的两个案例中得到了说明。
A key determinant of high performing water resource systems is an effective institutional arrangement. An essentfal research question is what is an effective institutional arrangement? We argue that there is no single best institutional model, as institutional requirements vary depending on the phase of development of the basin. Based on water accounting studies we observe that water use patterns can be used to identify stages of river basin development. The hypothesis presented in this paper is that depending on the phase of development, institutions wlff be concerned with different tasks. Thus an important feature of a well-functioning set of water management institutions is the ability to adapt to changes. We use a water accounting methodology to illustrate the concept of phases of development in river basins. We argue that to meet increases in demand over time, institutions must change their focus from development of infrastructure, to better utilising and conserving water resources, then to improving allocation and regulation of water resources. Institutions must be dynamic entities that change with changing phases of development of the basin. At their inception, serve a single purpose. Then as the basin develops, they either expand their number of functions, or other institutions evolve to fulfil management requirements. These concepts are illustrated in two cases derived from Nepal and China.