Neuronal mechanisms, response dynamics and perceptual functions of multisensory interactions in auditory cortex.
Neuronal mechanisms, response dynamics and perceptual functions of multisensory interactions in auditory cortex.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2009.06.018
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发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schroeder CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Musacchia G;Schroeder CE
我们的感官系统受到来自相关和不相关来源的连续输入流的狂轰滥炸，这些输入流塑造了我们对世界的感知。在某些情况下，作用于一种感觉模态的事件相对孤立地发生，但大多数情况下，它们与涉及一种或多种其他感觉模态的突出事件一起发生。例如，在听觉领域，说话的声音通常伴随着说话者的视觉表现，在面对面的交流中，说话者也可能为这种体验添加触觉甚至嗅觉信息。在其他时候，比如在电话交谈或听录音时，听觉事件在没有其他感觉系统相应输入的情况下被接收，这些感觉系统可能正在处理不相关的视觉或触觉事件。这些例子是我们的神经系统从无数感官事件中提取指导行为所需的有意义信息的典型例子。考虑到我们所处的动态和非常丰富的感官环境，感官系统研究者面临的问题之一是如何整合、感知和使用多种感官输入来指导行为。对大脑组织的经典理解认为，每个单峰感觉皮层将信息传递到高阶区域，高阶区域介导信息的整合。然而，在过去的十年里，人们已经清楚地认识到，即使是大脑皮层的初级和次级感觉区域，也会从各种来源接收大量的输入，这些输入携带着影响其他模式的事件的信息。听觉皮层就是一个很好的例子。事实上，在短短几年内，焦点已经从这些相互作用是否真的发生在听觉皮层的基本问题转移到一个密集的努力，涉及全球数十个实验室，以确定和描述正在起作用的结构和功能机制。具有讽刺意味的是，这一切发生的时候，我们还在努力确定听觉皮层是如何组织的，甚至是简单的声音是如何在它的每个分支中被处理的。
Our sensory systems are bombarded by continuous streams of input from both correlated and uncorrelated sources, and these shape our perceptions of the world. In some contexts, the events acting on one sensory modality occur in relative isolation, but most often, they occur along with salient events involving one or more of the other modalities. In the auditory domain, for example, the sounds of speech are commonly accompanied by a visual representation of the speaker, who, in face-to-face communication, may also add tactile and even olfactory information to the experience. At other times, as when conversing over the telephone or listening to recorded music, auditory events are received in the absence of corresponding inputs from other sensory systems, which are likely engaged in the processing of uncorrelated visual or tactile events. These examples are typical of the myriad sensory events from which our nervous system extracts the meaningful information that is needed to guide behavior.Considering the dynamic and remarkably rich sensory environment in which we are immersed, one of the problems facing sensory systems researchers concerns how multiple sensory inputs are integrated, perceived and used to guide behavior. The classic understanding of brain organization held that each of unimodal sensory cortices passed information on to higher order areas, which mediated the integration of this information. Within the last decade, however, it has become clear that even primary and secondary sensory areas in cortex receive substantial inputs from sources that carry information about events impacting other modalities. Auditory cortex is a case in point. In just a few years, in fact, the focus has shifted away from fundamental questions about whether these interactions actually occur in auditory cortex to an intensive effort, involving dozens of laboratories worldwide, to identify and describe the structural and functional mechanisms that are at work. Ironically, this all comes at a time when we are still struggling to determine how auditory cortex is organized and how even simple sounds are processed within each of its subdivisions.
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