Differential effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on recollection and familiarity-based recognition memory.
Differential effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on recollection and familiarity-based recognition memory.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2015.04.007
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Yonelinas A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCullough AM;Ritchey M;Ranganath C;Yonelinas A
压力引起的皮质醇变化会以各种方式影响记忆。然而，皮质醇和识别记忆之间的确切关系仍然知之甚少。例如，我们有理由相信，压力可能会对基于回忆的记忆（依赖于海马体）和基于熟悉的识别（仅由新皮层区域支持）产生不同的影响。因此，在目前的研究中，我们研究了应激相关的皮质醇变化对认知记忆过程的影响。在对情绪和中性图片进行偶然编码后，通过冷加压试验诱导应激，并在一天后测量回忆和基于熟悉度的再认记忆。压力诱导的皮质醇反应和回忆之间的关系是非单调的，这样的科目与中度压力相关的皮质醇增加有最高水平的回忆。相反，压力相关的皮质醇反应与熟悉程度的增加呈线性关系。此外，在实验开始时对皮质醇的测量表明，学习前皮质醇水平较高的个体的回忆和熟悉程度都较低。结果是一致的命题，即依赖于大脑皮层的记忆过程，如回忆功能最佳的中等水平的压力下，而更多的皮质为基础的过程，如熟悉度，即使与更高水平的压力增强。这些结果表明，编码后的压力是否改善或破坏识别记忆取决于具体的记忆过程中检查以及应激诱导的皮质醇反应的大小。
Stress-induced changes in cortisol can impact memory in various ways. However, the precise relationship between cortisol and recognition memory is still poorly understood. For instance, there is reason to believe that stress could differentially affect recollection-based memory, which depends on the hippocampus, and familiarity-based recognition, which can be supported by neocortical areas alone. Accordingly, in the current study we examined the effects of stress-related changes in cortisol on the processes underlying recognition memory. Stress was induced with a cold-pressor test after incidental encoding of emotional and neutral pictures, and recollection and familiarity-based recognition memory were measured one day later. The relationship between stress-induced cortisol responses and recollection was non-monotonic, such that subjects with moderate stress-related increases in cortisol had the highest levels of recollection. In contrast, stress-related cortisol responses were linearly related to increases in familiarity. In addition, measures of cortisol taken at the onset of the experiment showed that individuals with higher levels of pre-learning cortisol had lower levels of both recollection and familiarity. The results are consistent with the proposition that hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as recollection function optimally under moderate levels of stress, whereas more cortically-based processes such as familiarity are enhanced even with higher levels of stress. These results indicate that whether post-encoding stress improves or disrupts recognition memory depends on the specific memory process examined as well as the magnitude of the stress-induced cortisol response.