Environmental justice, swine production and farm loss in North Carolina
Environmental justice, swine production and farm loss in North Carolina
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DOI：
10.1080/027321700405054
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ladd, AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, B;Ladd, AE
自20世纪90年代初以来，北卡罗来纳州一直是美国增长最快的养猪州，也是垂直一体化工业化养猪业的领先创新者。虽然养猪生产的增长和集中已经与一系列负面的社会和环境影响的国家的空气，土地和水路，环境正义和农场损失的关注发挥了特别关键的作用，在北卡罗来纳州的争议的演变。利用全州人口普查和农业数据的多变量分析，我们确定了1982年至1997年与农场损失相关的县级社会人口特征。我们发现，最近的农场损失模式在黑人社区（无论收入如何）和低收入社区（无论种族如何）更为明显。此外，自20世纪80年代初以来，在20世纪80年代初生猪产业增长较大且到1992年生猪种群数量较大的县遭受的农场损失比生猪产业增长直到最近才加强的县更大。这些调查结果的影响，参照扩大的环境正义框架，对少数民族和低收入农村社区的歧视性影响的养猪设施进行了讨论。
Since the early 1990s, North Carolina has been the fastest growing swine-producing state in the country and the leading innovator in vertically integrated industrially structured hog farming. Although the growth and concentration of swine production has been associated with a host of negative social and environmental impacts on the state's air, land, and waterways, environmental justice and farm loss concerns have played a particularly key role in the evolution of the controversy in North Carolina. Using multivariate analysis of statewide census and agricultural data, we identified the county-level sociodemographic characteristics associated with farm loss between 1982 and 1997. We found that recent patterns of farm loss were more pronounced in Black communities, regardless of income, and low-income communities, regardless of race. Furthermore, counties that had greater hog industry growth in the early 1980s and had large hog populations by 1992 have suffered greater farm loss since the early 1980s than counties where the hog industry growth did not intensify until more recently. The implications of these findings with reference to an expanded environmental justice framework regarding the discriminatory impacts of swine facilities on minority and low-income rural communities are discussed.