Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic

Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic
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北大西洋的巨石和末次间冰期风暴强度

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1712433114
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D’Andrea
D’Andrea
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rovere;Casella;Harris;Lorscheid;Nandasena;Sandstrom;Stocchi;D’Andrea

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随着全球气候变暖和海平面上升,沿海地区将遭受更加频繁的极端洪水和飓风。过去温暖时期极端沿海风暴的地质证据有可能为未来强度提供基本见解。最近的研究认为,在末次间冰期(MIS 5e,∼128-116 ka)期间,热带和温带北大西洋气旋可能比现在更加强烈,并且可能产生比历史上观测到的波浪更大的波浪。据推测,如此强烈的海浪造成了今天在百慕大和巴哈马海岸线可以观察到的许多地质特征。在本文中,我们研究了这些特征中最具标志性的特征:巴哈马北伊柳塞拉悬崖顶上的巨大巨石。我们结合地质现场调查、波浪模型和巨石传输方程来检验这样的假设:这些巨石一定是由强度超过历史强度的风暴所形成的。相比之下,我们的结果表明,由于 MIS 5e 期间巴哈马的相对海平面 (RSL) 估计较高,这种大小的巨石可能是由历史强度的风暴产生的波浪搬运的。因此,虽然伊柳塞拉岛的巨型巨石不能用作过去“超级风暴”的地质证据,但它们确实表明,随着海平面上升,即使风暴强度没有变化,悬崖和沿海屏障也将受到更大的侵蚀能量。
As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128–116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may have been more intense than at present, and may have produced waves larger than those observed historically. Such strong swells are inferred to have created a number of geologic features that can be observed today along the coastlines of Bermuda and the Bahamas. In this paper, we investigate the most iconic among these features: massive boulders atop a cliff in North Eleuthera, Bahamas. We combine geologic field surveys, wave models, and boulder transport equations to test the hypothesis that such boulders must have been emplaced by storms of greater-than-historical intensity. By contrast, our results suggest that with the higher relative sea level (RSL) estimated for the Bahamas during MIS 5e, boulders of this size could have been transported by waves generated by storms of historical intensity. Thus, while the megaboulders of Eleuthera cannot be used as geologic proof for past “superstorms,” they do show that with rising sea levels, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly greater erosional energy, even without changes in storm intensity.
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