Individual, ecological, and anthropogenic influences on activity budgets of long-finned pilot whales
Individual, ecological, and anthropogenic influences on activity budgets of long-finned pilot whales
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2044
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Harris, C. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isojunno, S.;Sadykova, D.;Harris, C. M.
将时间分配到不同的活动和栖息地使个体能够调节其感知的风险和获取资源的途径，并可以揭示增强健康活动（例如，喂养与社会行为）之间的重要权衡。具有长繁殖周期和高亲代投资的物种，如海洋哺乳动物，依靠这种行为可塑性来应对快速的环境变化，包括人为压力源。我们量化了自由放养的长鳍领航鲸的活动预算，以评估在不同个体和生态环境下以及在实验声音暴露期间觅食和其他行为之间的个体时间权衡。实验包括1-2 kHz和6-7 kHz的海军声纳暴露（潜在的人为压力源），虎鲸（潜在的捕食者/竞争对手）的声音回放和阴性对照。我们结合了来自数字声学记录标签（DTAG）的多个时间序列数据以及来自标记鲸鱼在水面的视觉观察的群体层面的社会行为数据。数据被分为近水面行为和潜水类型（使用隐马尔可夫模型进行潜水转换），并汇总成时间预算。平均而言，个体（N = 19）将大部分时间（69%）用于休息和靠近水面的过渡，21%用于浅水潜水（深度）
Time allocation to different activities and habitats enables individuals to modulate their perceived risks and access to resources and can reveal important trade-offs between fitness-enhancing activities (e.g., feeding vs. social behavior). Species with long reproductive cycles and high parental investment, such as marine mammals, rely on such behavioral plasticity to cope with rapid environmental change, including anthropogenic stressors. We quantified activity budgets of free-ranging long-finned pilot whales in order to assess individual time trade-offs between foraging and other behaviors in different individual and ecological contexts, and during experimental sound exposures. The experiments included 1-2 and 6-7 kHz naval sonar exposures (a potential anthropogenic stressor), playback of killer whale (a potential predator/competitor) vocalizations, and negative controls. We combined multiple time series data from digital acoustic recording tags (DTAG) as well as group-level social behavior data from visual observations of tagged whales at the surface. The data were classified into near-surface behaviors and dive types (using a hidden Markov model for dive transitions) and aggregated into time budgets. On average, individuals (N = 19) spent most of their time (69%) resting and transiting near surface, 21% in shallow dives (depth