The Complex Relationship Between Bilingual Home Language Input and Kindergarten Children's Spanish and English Oral Proficiencies
The Complex Relationship Between Bilingual Home Language Input and Kindergarten Children's Spanish and English Oral Proficiencies
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DOI：
10.1037/edu0000030
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Goldenberg, Claude
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cha, Kijoo;Goldenberg, Claude
这项研究考察了双语儿童的英语和西班牙语水平如何调节家庭西班牙语和英语输入(双语家庭语言输入[BHLI])和儿童每种语言的口语技能之间的关系。样本包括加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州1400多名以西班牙语为主的幼儿园儿童。BHLI是通过父母报告成人(父母和其他成年人)和同龄人(年长和年幼的兄弟姐妹和朋友)在家中通常与孩子说什么语言以及孩子看电视节目时使用的语言来估计的。西班牙语和英语的口语水平由伍德科克语言熟练度量表(Woodcock Language Performance Battery)修订而成。尽管“任务时间”模型表明，在家中的语言使用与同一语言中的口语技能之间存在直接的线性关系，但我们发现，即使在控制学校水平的随机影响和个人水平的混淆时，跨语言关系也要复杂得多：(A)儿童对一种语言(英语或西班牙语)的熟练程度调节了BHLI与另一种语言的熟练程度之间的关系，(B)BHLI调节了儿童的西班牙语和英语口语水平之间的关系。研究结果表明，在这群儿童中，保持较高西班牙语使用水平的双语家庭语言环境与加性双语能力有关，而英语使用率较高的双语家庭语言环境与减法双语能力相关。然而，本研究的横断面和相关性设计要求在得出BHLI和儿童口语技能之间的关系的简单结论时要谨慎。
This study examined how emergent bilingual children's English and Spanish proficiencies moderated the relationships between Spanish and English input at home (bilingual home language input [BHLI]) and children's oral language skills in each language. The sample comprised over 1,400 Spanish-dominant kindergartners in California and Texas. BHLI was estimated by parental report of what language adults (mother, father, and other adults) and peers (older and younger siblings and friends) usually speak to the child at home and the language in which the child watches TV programs. Spanish and English oral proficiencies were measured by the Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery-Revised. Although a "time-on-task" model suggests straightforward linear associations between language use at home and oral skills within the same language, we found far more complex cross-linguistic relationships even when controlling for school-level random effects and individual-level confounds: (a) children's proficiency in a language (English or Spanish) moderates the relationship between BHLI and proficiency in the other language and (b) BHLI moderates the relationship between children's Spanish and English oral proficiencies. The results suggest that among this population of children, bilingual home language environments that maintain high levels of Spanish use are associated with additive bilingualism whereas bilingual home language environments with high levels of English use are associated with subtractive bilingualism. However, the cross-sectional and correlational design of the present study requires caution in drawing simple conclusions about the relationship between BHLI and children's oral language skills.