Adjustments of global and local hindlimb properties during terrestrial locomotion of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Adjustments of global and local hindlimb properties during terrestrial locomotion of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix)
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.085399
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Blickhan, Reinhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrada, Emanuel;Nyakatura, John A.;Blickhan, Reinhard
先前的研究使人们对运动扰动期间的神经机械控制策略有了更多的了解。相比之下，对鸟类陆地运动过程中简单模型（模板）相关参数的更一般性分析仍然很少。使用 X 射线摄像结合地面反作用力测量获得的鹌鹑运动学数据被用作研究这种小型、主要是陆生鸟类的“全局”模板和“局部”腿部关节参数如何随速度和步态变化的基础。在全球范围内，鹌鹑的运动在所有研究的步态中都近似于弹簧般的行为。然而，地面反作用力更垂直，这可能有助于平衡躯干。在关节层面，几乎所有类似弹簧的工作都发生在跗骨间关节（ITJ）中。从步行到接地跑步，ITJ 的局部刚度下降，类似于观察到的整体腿部刚度的下降。因此，在没有空中阶段的步态中，鹌鹑可能会调节ITJ刚度以调节整体腿部刚度，从而在很大程度上改变步态。在较高的速度下，腿部整体压缩和刚度都会增加（后者的值与步行期间获得的值没有显着差异）。这使得动物能够缩短接触时间并产生空中阶段（跑步）。然而，我们没有观察到 ITJ 的刚度随着步态从接地跑步到跑步的变化而变化。我们假设，由膝关节和髂胫束关节角度控制的着地时腿部伸展程度更大，对跑步过程中腿部刚度调整过程具有重要影响。
Previous research has resulted in increasing insight into neuro-mechanical control strategies during perturbed locomotion. In contrast, more general analyses on simple model (template)-related parameters during avian terrestrial locomotion are still rare. Quail kinematic data obtained using X-ray videography combined with ground reaction force measurements were used as a basis to investigate how 'global' template and 'local' leg joint parameters in this small, predominantly terrestrial bird change with speed and gait. Globally, quail locomotion approximates a spring-like behavior in all investigated gaits. However, ground reaction forces are more vertically oriented, which may help to balance the trunk. At the joint level, practically all the spring-like work was found to occur in the intertarsal joint (ITJ). From walking to grounded running, the local stiffness of the ITJ decreases similarly to the reduction observed in global leg stiffness. Thus, in gaits without aerial phases the quails may modulate ITJ stiffness to regulate global leg stiffness, and therefore gait changes, to a significant degree. At higher speeds both global leg compression and stiffness are increased (the latter to values not significantly different to those obtained during walking). This enables the animals to shorten contact time and to generate aerial phases (running). However, we did not observe a change in the stiffness in the ITJ with a change of gait from grounded running to running. We hypothesize that a more extended leg at touch-down, controlled by the joint angles in the knee and ITJ, has an important influence in the leg stiffness adjustment process during running.