Developmental synapse remodeling in the cerebellum and visual thalamus.
Developmental synapse remodeling in the cerebellum and visual thalamus.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.18903.1
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watanabe, Takaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kano, Masanobu;Watanabe, Takaki
成熟动物的功能性神经回路是在出生后发育过程中通过消除早期形成的多余突触和加强必要的连接而形成的。在新生动物的神经系统中，多余的突触只是回路的短暂特征。在随后的出生后发育过程中，一些突触得到加强，而其他多余的连接则被削弱并最终消除。本文介绍了近年来关于小脑爬行纤维-浦肯野细胞突触和视网膜-视丘脑背外侧膝状体神经元突触（retinogeniculate synapses）发育重构机制的研究进展。这是大脑发育性突触重塑的两个代表性模型，它们共享基本原理，包括依赖于神经活动。然而，最近的研究表明，在几个方面，这两种模型使用不同的分子和策略来建立成熟的突触连接。我们描述了这两种模型之间的相似之处和差异，并讨论了未来有待解决的问题，以了解发育性突触重塑的一般方案。
Functional neural circuits of mature animals are shaped during postnatal development by eliminating early-formed redundant synapses and strengthening of necessary connections. In the nervous system of newborn animals, redundant synapses are only transient features of the circuit. During subsequent postnatal development, some synapses are strengthened whereas other redundant connections are weakened and eventually eliminated. In this review, we introduce recent studies on the mechanisms of developmental remodeling of climbing fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum and synapses from the retina to neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus (retinogeniculate synapses). These are the two representative models of developmental synapse remodeling in the brain and they share basic principles, including dependency on neural activity. However, recent studies have disclosed that, in several respects, the two models use different molecules and strategies to establish mature synaptic connectivity. We describe similarities and differences between the two models and discuss remaining issues to be tackled in the future in order to understand the general schemes of developmental synapse remodeling.