Sustainable pasture-based dairy systems - meeting the challenges
Sustainable pasture-based dairy systems - meeting the challenges
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DOI：
10.4141/cjps06011
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Ferris, C. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferris, C. P.
这篇综述论文探讨了一些牧场为基础的乳制品系统的挑战。在放牧系统中确保高产奶牛的充足营养摄入是许多奶农面临的主要挑战之一。增加养分摄入量的选择包括：增加牧草配额，操纵草地结构，修改牧草成分，以及使用饲料和精料补充剂。潜在的实现高水平的动物性能与放牧草结合高水平的浓缩物补充剂进行检查，而饲料补充剂似乎提供了更少的范围，增加营养摄入量。牧草利用率低是另一个原因。这是许多农场面临的挑战，并对延长放牧季节和提高早季牧草利用率的选择进行了研究。结果的一个整体系统的方法，以实现高的总养分摄入量与草地为基础的系统突出。还研究了通过品种替代和确定更合适的用于放牧系统的荷斯坦牛品系来提高乳制品系统可持续性的潜力。与放牧系统相关的一些环境挑战以及减少其影响的可能机会得到了强调。这些措施包括减少无机肥料氮的投入、减少放牧期间提供的浓缩饲料的粗蛋白含量以及减少奶牛饲料的磷含量。
This review paper examines a number of the challenges of pasture-based dairy systems. Ensuring adequate nutrient intakes of high-yielding dairy cows within grazing systems is one of the key challenges being faced by many dairy farmers. Options examined to increase nutrient intakes include: increasing herbage allowances, manipulating sward structure, modifying herbage composition, and the use of both forage and concentrate supplements. The potential to achieve high levels of animal performance with grazed grass combined with high levels of concentrate supplementation is examined, while forage supplements appear to offer much less scope by which to increase nutrient intakes. Low levels of herbage utilization provide another. challenge on many farms, with options to extend the grazing season and to improve early-season forage utilization examined. The results of a whole systems approach to achieving high total nutrient intakes with grassland-based systems are highlighted. The potential to improve the sustainability of dairy systems through breed substitution and by identifying more appropriate strains of Holstein animals for use within grazing systems is also examined. A number of environmental challenges associated with grazing systems together with possible opportunities to reduce their impact are highlighted. These include reducing inputs of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, reducing the crude protein content of concentrate feedstuffs offered during grazing, and reducing the phosphorus content of dairy cow diets.