Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues
Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues
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DOI：
10.1038/nm0496-473
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发表时间：
1996-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
82.9
通讯作者：
Hirano, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Momose, A;Takeda, T;Hirano, K
生物软组织对硬X射线几乎是透明的，因此不使用造影剂（如碘）增强就不能进行研究。另一方面，相衬x射线成像是敏感的光元素（1-8）。这是因为x射线相移截面几乎比氢、碳、氮和氧等轻元素的x射线吸收截面大1000倍（4,5）。因此，相衬x射线成像是一种很有前途的技术，不需要染色，也不需要严重的辐射暴露，可以观察生物软组织内部的结构。我们设计了一种通过修改相衬技术，使用新型x射线计算机断层扫描（CT）在三维观察生物组织的方法。为了生成合适的CT输入数据，我们使用了x射线干涉仪获得的相位映射图像(6)和计算机分析干涉图样(9)。现在，我们用同步加速器x射线源，展示了一个未染色的癌兔肝脏样本的三维观察结果。相衬x线CT能清楚地区分癌病变与正常组织。此外，还清晰地描绘了与癌变性和纤维组织相对应的精细结构。
Biological soft tissues are almost transparent to hard X rays and therefore cannot be investigated without enhancement with a contrast medium, such as iodine. On the other hand, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is sensitive to light elements(1-8). This is because the X-ray phase shift cross section is almost a thousand times larger than the X-ray absorption cross section for light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen(4,5). Hence, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is a promising technique for observing the structure inside biological soft tissues without the need for staining and without serious radiation exposure. We have devised a means of observing biological tissues in three dimensions using a novel X-ray computed tomography (CT) by modifying the phase-contrast technique. To generate appropriate CT input data, we used phase-mapping images obtained using an X-ray interferometer(6) and computer analysis of interference patterns(9). Now, we present a three-dimensional observation result of a nonstained sample of a cancerous rabbit liver, using a synchrotron X-ray source. Phase-contrast X-ray CT was able to clearly differentiate the cancer lesion from the normal tissue. Moreover, fine structures corresponding to cancerous degeneration and fibrous tissues were clearly depicted.