VISIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
VISIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
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愿景和观点
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Rinkevich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Rinkevich
生物体通常通过免疫系统的效应臂对感染因子作出反应。然而，尽管脊椎动物的先天免疫已经得到了深入的研究，我们仍然努力了解刺胞动物的免疫是如何运作的，查阅了充斥着未经证实的陈述的文献。在这里，我认为一些脊椎动物基因表面上的惊人相似性助长了一种错误的观念，即认为脊椎动物和刺胞动物的免疫是同源的。这是通过混合异体识别与宿主-寄生虫相互作用和通过合成比较的珊瑚虫-脊椎动物推定的免疫基因增强。尽管复杂，刺胞动物的历史认知可能与宿主-寄生虫/疾病反应无关，而且对花刺动物宿主-寄生虫相互作用的研究尚未得到潜在机制的支持。因此，我将异体识别与珊瑚虫免疫的其他方面区分开来，并讨论了对轶事记录的珊瑚虫吞噬细胞研究的不足。进一步关注“非免疫防御”的作用，即独立于免疫应答环境攻击的独立防御机制，也被错误地视为揭示免疫特性。由于对珊瑚虫免疫的定义仍然存在缺陷，这反映了对历史认知和宿主反应/疾病学科之间改进区分的需要，因此需要建立一个公认的针孔动物免疫是什么或不是什么的综合，并通过定量方法评估免疫能力的变化。根据目前关于刺胞细胞免疫的最新技术，提出了重新评估免疫标准的六项建议。
Organisms commonly respond to infectious agents via effector arms of immune systems. However, whereas innate immunity in vertebrates has been intensely investigated, we still strive to understand how cnidarians’ immunity operates, consulting literature that is rife with unsubstantiated statements. Here I contend that the striking superficial similarities with regard to some vertebrate genes promote the false notion that considers vertebrate’s and cnidarian’s immunities as homologous. This is enhanced by intermingling allorecognition with host-parasite interactions and by synthetic comparisons of anthozoans-vertebrates putative immune genes. As complex as it is, cnidarian’s historecognition is probably not associated with host-parasite/disease responses and studies on anthozoan host-parasite interactions are not yet supported by underlying mechanisms. Therefore, I demarcate allorecognition from other aspects of anthozoan immunity and discuss the lack of research studies on the anecdotally recorded anthozoan phagocytes. Further attention is given to the roles of ‘non-immunological defenses’, stand-alone defense mechanisms that respond to environmental assaults independently of immunity, also mistakenly regarded as revealing immune properties. Because defining immunity in the Anthozoa remains deficient, reflecting the needs for improved distinction between historecognition and host-response/disease disciplines, it is required to establish an accepted synthesis for what immunity in cnidarians is or is not, and to evaluate changes in immunocompetence through quantitative approaches. Following the current state-of-the-art on cnidarian immunity, six counsels for re-evaluating immune criteria are offered.