Research on multiculturalism in Canada
Research on multiculturalism in Canada
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.09.005
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Berry, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berry, John W.
加拿大于1971年宣布了一项多元文化政策。该政策的目标是提高文化间关系的质量。作为实现这一目标的步骤，提出了该政策的两个主要内容：支持维持和发展文化社区（文化部分）；促进跨文化接触，同时减少这种参与的障碍（跨文化成分）。对这些问题的研究可以为制定和执行多元文化政策和方案提供基础。本文对近40年来有关多元文化主义的心理学研究进行了综述。主题包括：关于多元文化政策的知识；对多元文化的接受；对民族文化群体的接受；接纳移民；歧视和排斥；以及依恋和认同。本文还简要回顾了评估该政策产生的三个假设的研究。目前的证据表明，加拿大多元文化生活方式的这些特征得到了广泛的支持。对多元文化主义的成功特别重要的是社会凝聚力的问题：第一个组成部分（促进文化多样性）与第二个组成部分（所有民族文化群体充分和公平地参与和包容公民社会）是否兼容？如果它们是相容的，它们是否共同导致实现实现积极的跨文化关系的基本目标？目前的心理学证据表明，这两个组成部分确实是相容的，当它们出现时，它们与加拿大民族文化群体之间的相互接受有关。我的结论是，加拿大的研究支持旨在改善文化间关系的多元文化政策和方案的继续。(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Canada announced a policy of multiculturalism in 1971. The goal of the policy was to improve the quality of intercultural relations. Two main elements of the policy were proposed as steps towards achieving this goal: support for the maintenance and development of cultural communities (the cultural component); and promotion of intercultural contact along with the reduction of barriers to such participation (the intercultural component). Research on these issues can provide a basis for the development and implementation of multiculturalism policies and programmes. A review of psychological research on multiculturalism over the past 40 years is summarised. Topics include: knowledge about the multiculturalism policy; acceptance of multiculturalism; acceptance of ethnocultural groups; acceptance of immigrants; discrimination and exclusion; and attachment and identity. Research assessing three hypotheses derived from the policy is also briefly reviewed. Current evidence is that there is widespread support for these features of the multicultural way of living in Canada. Of particular importance for the success of multiculturalism is the issue of social cohesion: is the first component (the promotion of cultural diversity) compatible with the second component (the full and equitable participation and inclusion of all ethnocultural groups in civic society)? If they are compatible, together do they lead to the attainment of the fundamental goal of attaining positive intercultural relations? Current psychological evidence suggests that these two components are indeed compatible, and that when present, they are associated with mutual acceptance among ethnocultural groups in Canada. I conclude that research in Canada supports the continuation of the multiculturalism policy and programmes that are intended to improve intercultural relations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.