Incidence and patterns of polydrug use and craving for ecstasy in regular ecstasy users: An ecological momentary assessment study
Incidence and patterns of polydrug use and craving for ecstasy in regular ecstasy users: An ecological momentary assessment study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.04.012
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lukas, Scott E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hopper, James W.;Su, Zhaohui;Lukas, Scott E.
背景资料：以往的研究采用回顾性评估方法发现，经常摇头丸用户经常使用酒精，大麻和其他药物与ecstasm.Methods相结合：22名参与者（13名男性，9名女性）戴着一个手腕活动/数据记录器，实时记录药物使用和摇头丸渴望6周。酒精和药物的使用率摇头丸使用与非使用的夜晚，以及之前，期间和之后摇头丸使用广义估计方程（GEE）进行了分析。渴望与GEE和线性混合models.Results建模：大约70%的摇头丸使用发生在周五或周六晚上。没有药物是显着更有可能被用于摇头丸使用的夜晚比比较星期五和星期六晚上。在使用摇头丸的夜晚，一般来说，在所有评估的药物中，在摇头丸中毒之前和期间比在摇头丸中毒之后使用摇头丸的可能性更大，而在摇头丸中毒之前比在摇头丸中毒期间使用酒精的可能性也更大。虽然总体上较低，但对摇头丸的渴望在使用前24小时内增加，并且在周末使用摇头丸的星期的星期五晚上高于不使用摇头丸的星期。在特定的夜晚使用摇头丸可能与使用任何其他麻醉药物的可能性无关，在涉及摇头丸的夜晚使用其他药物可能只是反映了药物使用夜晚的“自然历史”，即从酒精开始，发展到更令人陶醉的药物，最后很少吸毒这些研究结果的确认有待于在应用生态瞬时评估方法方面取得进一步进展。(c)2006爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Background: Previous studies employing retrospective assessments methods found that regular ecstasy users frequently use alcohol, marihuana and other drugs in combination with ecstasy.Methods: Twenty-two participants (13 males, 9 females) wore a wrist actigraph/data recorder to record real-time drug use and ecstasy craving for 6 weeks. Rates of alcohol and drug use on ecstasy use versus non-use nights, and before, during, and after ecstasy use were analyzed with generalized estimation equations (GEE). Craving was modeled with GEE and linear mixed models.Results: Approximately 70% of ecstasy uses occurred on Friday or Saturday nights. No drug was significantly more likely to be used on ecstasy use nights than comparison Friday and Saturday nights. On nights ecstasy was used, in general across all drugs assessed, use was more likely before and during than after ecstasy intoxication, while alcohol use was also more likely before than during ecstasy intoxication. Though low overall, craving for ecstasy increased over 24 h before use and was higher on Friday nights of weeks ecstasy was used on weekends than weeks it was not used.Conclusions: Use of ecstasy on a particular night may not be associated with any greater likelihood of using any other intoxicating drug, and use of other drugs on nights involving ecstasy use may simply reflect a "natural history" of drug-use nights that begins with alcohol, progresses to more intoxicating drugs, and ends with little drug use. Confirmation of these findings awaits further advances in the application of ecological momentary assessment methodologies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.