Measurements and Comparative Air Quality Analysis of a Goat Farm Operation
Measurements and Comparative Air Quality Analysis of a Goat Farm Operation
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山羊养殖场运营的测量和空气质量比较分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Z. Huque
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Howard;Venkata S. V. Botlaguduru;Hongbo Du;R. Kommalapati;Z. Huque
硫化氢、氨、颗粒物（PM10和PM2.5）、甲烷和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）等空气污染物对人类和动物的呼吸系统有害。畜牧业设施已被证明是危险空气污染物的主要来源；然而，山羊养殖场的排放数据缺乏。本研究调查了德克萨斯州的一个山羊农场，以评估排放水平，并确定气象条件与这些污染物的相关性。在山羊养殖场的两个地点被选中进行监测：在一个羊棚内，在一个粪便泻湖。监测活动在冬季和夏季进行了53天。利用化学发光仪器测量二氧化碳、臭氧、氧化亚氮、氨、PM10、PM2.5、硫化氢、甲烷和挥发性有机化合物的小时平均浓度。利用多元回归对气象条件进行了分析，以探讨排放率与特征气候数据（如温度、湿度、气压和太阳辐射）之间的可能相关性。评估两个监测点不同季节PM10和PM2.5的粒径分布，确定典型粒径及季节对粒径的影响。粪便泻湖的甲烷排放率最高，为364.4±50 g m-2 d-1，对该动物养殖的总排放量贡献最大。回归结果表明，粪肥湖臭氧与温度和太阳辐射的正相关最高。室外气象条件对两个地点污染物的影响最为显著。因此，在动物养殖场发现的空气污染物的强度中，气象条件起着重要作用。羊舍内颗粒直径为0.1 ~ 6.0µm，粪池内颗粒直径为0.3 ~ 1.0µm。尽管在该设施监测到了中等水平的排放，但与其他牲畜设施相比，山羊养殖场的排放不会对人类健康构成风险，也不会对环境空气质量产生重大影响。在夏季和冬季，在羊舍和粪便泻湖内测量了山羊农场的排放量。夏季粪便泻湖甲烷排放率最高，为364.4±50 g m-2 d-1。气象条件对两个地点的排放都有显著影响，尤其是粪便泻湖的臭氧排放。山羊农场的排放量远低于奶牛、猪和养鸡场的排放量。关键词：空气质量，氨，排放，羊场，甲烷，多元回归分析
Air pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), methane, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to the respiratory systems of humans and animals. Livestock facilities have been documented as a major source of dangerous air pollutants; however, there is a lack of data on the emissions from goat farms. This study investigated a goat farm in Texas to evaluate the emission levels and determine the correlation of meteorological conditions with these pollutants. Two locations on the goat farm were selected for monitoring: inside a goat barn, and at a manure lagoon. The monitoring campaign was conducted over a 53-day period during winter and summer seasons. Carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, ammonia, PM10, PM2.5, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and VOCs were measured to determine hourly average concentrations using chemiluminescent instruments. An analysis of meteorological conditions using multiple regression was conducted to investigate probable correlations between emission rates and characteristic climate data, such as temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and solar radiation. Particle size distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 were evaluated for the two monitoring locations during the different seasons to determine the typical particle diameter and the impact of season on particle diameter. The highest emission rate of 364.4 ±50 g m-2 d-1 occurred at the manure lagoon for methane, which contributed the most to the overall emissions at this animal operation. The regression results for the manure lagoon had the highest positive correlations for ozone with temperature and solar radiation. The outdoor meteorological conditions had the most significant influence on pollutants at both locations. Therefore, meteorological conditions are instrumental in the intensity of the air pollutants found on animal farms. The particle diameters ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 µm in the goat barn and from 0.3 to 1.0 µm at the manure lagoon. Even though moderate levels of emissions were monitored at this facility, the emissions from the goat farm do not pose a risk to human health and do not significantly impact the ambient air quality when compared to other livestock facilities.HighlightsEmissions from a goat farm were measured inside a goat barn and at a manure lagoon over summer and winter seasons.The highest methane emission rate of 364.4 ±50 g m-2 d-1 occurred at the manure lagoon during summer.Meteorological conditions significantly influenced emissions at both locations, especially for O3 at the manure lagoon.Emissions from goat farm operations are much lower than those from cow, swine, and chicken farm operations. Keywords: Air quality, Ammonia, Emissions, Goat farm, Methane, Multiple regression analysis.